Meaning of perspectives in social theory; Structuralism versus agency/action debate in Sociology; Philosophies of positivism and phenomenology and their influence on sociological theories and research methods; Structural functionalism: from Durkheim, Parsons, Merton to Alexander; Marxism and Conflict Theory: from Marx, Neo-Marxism (Althusser, Lukacs, Gramsci) to Critical Theory; ―Non-Marxist‖ Conflict theory: Dahrendorf and Coser.; Historically-Oriented  Marxism (Dependency and  World  System  Theory) Symbolic Interactionism: Mead, Blummer and Goffman; Ethnomethodology: the works of Garfinkel, etc., Feminist Theory.