Courses

Mitosis and the karyotype;  anomalies of mitosis; chromosome structure.  Meiosis. Synapsis. Synaptinemal complex.  Crossing-over.  Chiasma formation and chromatid interference. Anomalous meiosis.  Structural changes in chromosomes....

Population ecology of the single species. Growth of single population.  Application of Leslie Matrices to change in population composition. Tree demography; leaf demography. Interaction of two species.  k- species interaction.  Spatial patterns...

Photography;  Field equipment for surveying and for measuring of meteorological factors; Field taxonomy: identification, collection for the herbarium
[An introduction to Remote Sensing Applications and GIS necessary]

Landmarks in the study of the Environment:  Stockholm Conference;  World Conservation Strategy;  Our Common Future  (Brundtland report);  Planet Earth in Jeopardy;  Caring for the Earth;  Agenda 21;  Ascend 21; ...

Plant and water (effects on plant growth and development and on distribution).  Adaptations of mesophytes, xerophytes. Hydrophytes;  adaptations of halophytes.  Plant and light.  Sun and shade leaves.  Plant and temperature. ...

Anatomy of timbers.  Dendrochronology.  Ecological plant a natomy:  adaptive features of mescophytes.  Xerophytes.  Hydrophytes; applications; sun and shade leaves.  Palynology. Embryology.  Economic aspects of applied plant...

The Flower, Concept;  Structure;  Origin and Development;  Abscission.  Palynology. Embryology.  The Fruit:  Definition and Classification;  Fruit wall and Periocarp;  Histology of the Fruit Wall;  Abscission....

The protoplast.  The Cell Wall.  Meristems and differentiation.  Apical Meristem.
 The Vascular Cambium.  The Epidermis.  Parenchyma.  Collencyma.  Sclerenchyma. Xylem.  Phloem.  Secretory structures. ...

Biodiversity at the intraspecific (gene), species and ecosystem levels.  Value of  Biodiversity; problems in the economic valuation of biodiversity.  Conservation of Biodiversity; conservation of endangered species.  Species survival....

Qualitative and quantitative description of vegetation.  Life from classification of  vegetation. Vegetation dynamics.  Predation and herbivores.  Vegetation of West Africa.   History of vegetation;  palaeobotany. ...