Credit Hours - 3

Definition of basic concepts: Culture and reproductive health; Culture, empowerment and development approaches; Reproductive health trends and prevalence; Components of reproductive health; HIV and AIDS, Inequalities and reproductive health; Biological differences and gender inequalities; Individual, household and policy level inequalities; Cultural contexts of reproductive health: family and kinship, marriage, status of females, culture and sexuality, cultural practices and issues of vulnerability; Major socio-economic issues: poverty, unemployment, education and illiteracy, women‘s equity issues; Health care situation of women; Cultural and societal diversities in reproductive health; Reproductive health services/ programmes and policy issues.

Credit Hours - 3

 Evolution and development of tourism; Tourism as a global phenomenon; Motivations, characteristics and destinations of tourists; Motivations to receive tourists: characteristics and national policies of recipient countries; Impact of tourism on recipient countries; History of Tourism development in Ghana; Tourist sites, resources and potentials; Ecotourism; Perceptions and attitudes of tourists and that of their host communities; Economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism: on arts and crafts industry, sacred places, community values, the commodification of social life and relations, crime, prostitution, child exploitation, issues of local/community participation; Domestic tourism; State institutions and private organizations in the tourism industry; International and regional linkages; Problems and challenges facing the Tourism industry in Ghana.

Credit Hours - 3

Concept of penology; Correctional concepts; Cultural context of punishment and the treatment of offenders; Socialization and social control; Computing and measuring crime statistics and correctional statistics; Correctional populations and correctional staff; Theories of deviance; Physical, economic, social and psychological sanctions; Principles of punishment: jails, detention and community corrections; The prison experience; Correction of juvenile offenders; Capital punishment or the death penalty.

Credit Hours - 3

Major influential ideas in sociology of science through historical, colonial, post-colonial and contemporary studies, changing relationship among science, technology and society and the consequences of the production, distribution and consumption of scientific and other forms of technology, the normative structure of science, the ethos of science, genetic engineering, social media, environmental planning and disasters, ongoing sociological debates on the strengths and limitations of social constructionism, popular public debates about nature vs. nurture, the environment, ethnicity, sexual difference etc. science as embedded in the social, cultural, political, racialized and gendered worlds of modernity.

Credit Hours - 3

Modelling Society;  Probability distributions;  Point  estimation;  Confidence Intervals; Hypothesis Testing; ANOVA; Correlation Analysis; Simple Regression; Maximum Likelihood estimation of Simple Logistic Regression

Credit Hours - 3

Philosophies of positivism and phenomenology; Structuralism in Sociology; Consensus and conflict approaches; Neo-Functionalism; Marxism and Neo-Marxism: critical theory, the ideas of Habermas, and cultural analyses of modern societies; Historically-oriented Marxism; Macro and Micro or Structure and Agency debate; Interpretative tradition in Sociology and definition of the situation; social construction of reality; Exchange and rational choice theories; Feminist theories; Structuralism, poststructuralism— the ideas of Focault; sociolinguistics; Recent integrative developments in sociological theory; Postmodernism and postmodern social theories.

Credit Hours - 3

Nature and scope of the Sociology of Law; Law and its social significance; Social norms and law in traditional and modern societies; Major classical studies on Law; Living law and state/formal law;  Legal pluralism; Sociological approaches to law:  Functionalist, Marxist/Conflict, Durkheimian, Weberian, etc. perspectives; Deviance and social control in society; Mechanisms for conflict resolution: mediation, arbitration, adjudication, trial by ordeal, mob justice; honour killings, etc.; Types of law and citizens‘ invocation of law in modern society; Crime: its measurement and forms; The Justice Administrative System: the structure and role of the Police, Judiciary, Prison and Human Rights Institutions; Punishment and Corrections.

Credit Hours - 3

Historical perspectives on gender studies; Concepts in gender analysis; Feminist theories and Movements; Definition of status and roles of men/women in Africa and Ghana; Legal provisions for women‘s rights in Ghana; Women and men in politics in Ghana; Media and women in Ghana; Gender issues in rural communities (rights and access to land, households & rural production, etc.); Gender issues in rural development politics; Gender issues in urban communities (household & urban production); Gender issues in urban production and politics; Gender and reproductive health problems in Ghana; Gender issues and the environment; Gender based discrimination, violence and the law.

Credit Hours - 3

Definition, nature and scope of demography; Sources, uses and limitations of population data: Population census; sample surveys; vital registration; population registers; non-traditional sources (parish registers, baptismal records; administrative records); international sources; Population data in sub-Sahara Africa; Major demographic methods: balancing equation; rates and ratios, rates of population growth, standardization; Population composition: analysis of sex and age structure; age-sex pyramid; educational; economic and ethnic characteristics; The life table: assumption, types and functions, the conventional life table (construction; interpretation and use); Introduction to migration analysis: internal migration and moves; international migration.

Credit Hours - 3

Conceptualizing globalization; Historical analysis of globalization; Forces of globalization: neo-liberalism— market and democracy, multinationals, international organizations and financial institutions, ICTs, etc.; Issues of globalization— westernization and imperialism; Globalization and the transformation in the global economy, impact on employment within nation-states and state capacities; Impact of globalization on Third World Societies: the state, economic productive systems, consumption patterns and culture; International migration and its implications, labour activity and power in the Third World; Globalization and the Ghanaian Society: opportunities, constraints and contending issues.

Credit Hours - 3

Theories of industrial relations: the systems theory, Marxist model, social action model, human relations model, etc; Forces influencing patterns of industrial relations; Sources of conflicts and conflict management; Trade Unions: their aims and objectives, growth and development; Structure of Unions; Government and unions; Trade unions in the developing world especially Africa; Differences in social characteristics, growth and roles of trade unions in the developing world and the developed world; Trade unions in Ghana: an analysis of the various industrial relations Acts e.g. Acts 1958,  1965, 1971 etc.; The urban African industrial worker: a discussion of the earlier image and the later image of the urban African industrial worker; Trade Unions in a globalizing World: problems and challenges.

Credit Hours - 3

The nature, history and scope of Industrial Sociology; Nature of work and its centrality in human lives; Growth of formal organizations and bureaucracy; Sociological theories of formal organizations: classical and human relations schools; Management in formal organizations: the various levels, functions, managerial philosophies and styles of management; Industry and society; Sociology of worker participation in management and worker self-management.

Credit Hours - 3

Development as ideology and comparative study of conditions facilitating or impeding development in Third World countries (Africa, Asia and Latin America): State and postcolonial development policies/strategies and impacts; IMF and World Bank policies; Aid and Development; Population, urbanization and education; Agriculture and rural development in different contexts; Women and Development; Science, technology and industrialization; Culture, attitudes and development in different contexts; Quality of life and happiness, Environment and sustainable development. Illustrations from comparative case studies of selected countries on selected topics in development.

Credit Hours - 3

Inequalities among nations; Affluence and socio-economic deprivations; The Three Worlds: their characteristics, emergence and dynamism; European contact and colonialism in the world, Nationalism; Post-World War II context and origins of development as planned change; Meanings and measurement of development: socioeconomic indicators, human development indicators, human poverty indicators, etc; Theories of development and sociological approaches to social change: evolutionism, neo-evolutionism,  modernization theory, theory of underdevelopment or dependency theory, Political economy of international relations: ideologies of development: liberalism/capitalism, economic nationalism, Marxism, socialism/communism; Neo-liberalism and democracy.

Credit Hours - 3

Defining Africans and tracing their origin; The African environment and diversity and similarities of its people; Worldviews of Africans; Religious belief systems: the supernatural, witchcraft, sorcery, magic, etc.; Cultural norms, values and practices; Marriage practices, family, lineage and clan systems, kinship and descents; Land tenure systems and modes of economic production, distribution and exchange; Traditional political institutions; Law, religion and social control in African societies; European contact: impact of mercantilism, evangelism, slavery and colonialism on African peoples and cultures; Nationalism and independence; Westernization and domination of Africa and Africa‘s adaptations and responses. Illustrations of African societies and cultures from specific case studies of selected groups/societies in Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern African regions.

Credit Hours - 3

Anthropology and its sub-fields;  Nature, scope and methodology of social/cultural anthropology; Evolution and diversity of humans; Culture; Environments and modes of making a living/Adaptive Strategies; Marriage, family, kinship and descent; Economic production, distribution and exchange; Political systems, Religion; Motivations for and impact of Colonialism, the Evolution of the World System; Cultural Exchange: Contact and Domination, adaptation and resistances of the weak; Contemporary Development in social anthropology; Applied social/cultural anthropology.