The extraction and purification of plant viruses; Viral nomenclature; The ecology and transmission of plant viruses in Ghana; Factors influencing dispersal of viruses; History of the Cocoa Swollen Shoot virus in Ghana and the importance of the virus in the economy of Ghana; virus diseases of cassava, cowpea, maize and yam in Ghana. General structure of nematodes; The soil environment and nematode activity; Parasitism of plant nematodes; The principal genera of plant-infecting nematodes; Control measures; Importance of plant nematodes in agriculture in Ghana.