Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course is meant to introduce students to the exciting world of spatial statistics with the aim of providing students with the background necessary for geographic investigation and statistical representation of geographic events. It will teach methods and models that have been developed for spatial statistics and patterns recognition and analyse spatial patterns and relationships using statistical tools, including point pattern analysis, spatial clustering, and hotspot identification, to understand the distribution of spatial phenomena. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply the principles and techniques of spatial statistics, including spatial autocorrelation, spatial interpolation, and spatial regression models, to analyze spatial data effectively.
2. Analyze spatial patterns and relationships using statistical tools, including point pattern analysis, spatial clustering, and hotspot identification, to understand the distribution of spatial phenomena.
3. Utilize spatial regression models for analyzing relationships between spatial variables and addressing spatial research questions in various domains.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of spatial statistical methods in different spatial analysis and research scenarios, critically evaluating the effectiveness of spatial statistical techniques.

Course content

Main topics to be covered include Distribution descriptors: one variable (univariate), relationships descriptors: two variables (bivariate); Hypothesis testers and neighbourhood statistics; Point pattern descriptors; Point pattern analysers, spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression, multi-criterial decision making and density estimation. Others include methods for representing geographic data and geovisualization.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

This course teaches students to use cloud and server GIS resources to solve problems for which geospatial data is an integral element. The course teaches students to set up cloud services for creating maps, cloud services for managing spatial data, and cloud services for processing spatial data. The course also introduces students to the basic concepts of GIS web application development using HTML5 technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, JSON, XML, etc. The course challenges students to exercise the critical thinking and technical skills needed to evaluate and develop successful cloud GIS projects. Practical experience with programming spatial data will be given. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the principles and functionalities of WebGIS, including geospatial data management, web mapping, and web-based geospatial technologies.
2. Apply tools and techniques for geospatial data analysis and visualization using WebGIS, including spatial queries, geoprocessing, and the creation of interactive web maps for decision-making.
3. Utilize WebGIS for a range of applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and location-based services, to address spatial challenges effectively.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of WebGIS in different spatial analysis and mapping scenarios, critically evaluating the effectiveness of WebGIS technologies.

Course content

The course focuses on the principles and functionalities of WebGIS, including geospatial data management, web mapping, and the integration of geospatial technologies with web-based platforms, the tools and techniques for geospatial data analysis and visualization using WebGIS, including spatial queries, geoprocessing, and the creation of interactive web maps for decision-making, utilizing WebGIS for a range of applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and location-based services, to address spatial challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

Across space, time and cultural contexts, gender has been, and remains, one of the central organizing principles of social life. This course builds on the introduction to the geography of gender and gender relations in the African society. It aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dimensions of gender inequality, women's empowerment, and the intersection of gender and development in the Global South as well as the complexities of gender and development in the Global South, critically evaluating the effectiveness of development interventions on gender equality and women's rights. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the spatial dimensions of gender inequality, women's empowerment, and the intersection of gender and development in the Global South.
2. Evaluate the impact of development policies, including urbanization, rural development, and environmental management, on gender dynamics and women's livelihoods in the Global South.
3. Assess strategies for promoting women's empowerment within diverse geographical contexts, including access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political participation.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the complexities of gender and development in the Global South, critically evaluating the effectiveness of development interventions on gender equality and women's rights.

Course content

The course will focus on the impact of development policies, including urbanization, rural development, and environmental management, on gender dynamics and women's livelihoods in the Global South. We will explore how gender differences are created, maintained, transformed, and represented on the individual, and across space and time in the global south, strategies for promoting women's empowerment, including access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political participation, within diverse geographical contexts Also, on how notions of gender produce observable patterns of constraints and opportunities, which in turn differentially shape women’s and men’s day-to-day experiences and their access to valuable societal resources within the context of development will be discussed. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course builds on the first semester course on theories and methods for Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction (IDRR) by expanding the discussions to include relevant legislations, policies and programmes for dealing with environmental hazards. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the principles and frameworks of disaster risk reduction, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience.
2. Evaluate a variety of disaster risk reduction strategies, such as preparedness, early warning systems, infrastructure resilience, and community-based approaches, to address the complexity of disaster risk challenges.
3. Assess policy frameworks and governance structures for disaster risk reduction at local, national, and international levels, demonstrating an understanding of the role of stakeholders, institutions, and international cooperation.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk reduction strategies in different hazard-prone regions, critically evaluating their effectiveness.

Course Content

The main topics to be covered include global and local institutional frameworks for IDRR, as well as methods and tools for vulnerability assessment in urban communities, policy frameworks and governance structures for disaster risk reduction at local, national, and international levels, considering the role of stakeholders, institutions, and international cooperation, disaster risk reduction strategies, such as preparedness, early warning systems, infrastructure resilience, and community-based approaches, to address the complexity of disaster risk challenges. The discussions and class interactions will explore best practices and options drawing from global experiences for the design of national and local strategies in Ghana.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives: 

The course focuses on the impact of hydrological processes on the environment. It includes the following areas: flooding, erosion and sediments, urban drainage, wetlands, water supply and sanitation, drought and drought management, water and environmental remediation. The course will help students to understand the effects that components of hydrological processes have on environment and vice versa. Assist students to identify environmental compartments in which hydrological processes occur; describe various forms of hydrological processes; and discuss the impact of environment on hydrological process and the hydrological process on environment. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental principles of hydrology, including the movement, distribution, and quality of water in the environment, and the interactions between hydrological processes and the environment.
2. Analyze the challenges and strategies of water resource management, including surface water and groundwater systems, water quality, and the impact of climate change and urbanization on hydrological systems.
3. Assess the impact of human activities on hydrological systems, including water pollution, land use changes, and infrastructure development, and evaluate the implications for environmental sustainability and water security.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of environmental hydrology in water resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development, critically evaluating its role in addressing water-related challenges.

Course Content

The focus will be on the fundamental principles of hydrology, including the movement, distribution, and quality of water in the environment, and the interactions between hydrological processes and the environment, the challenges and strategies of water resource management, including surface water and groundwater systems, water quality, and the impact of climate change and urbanization on hydrological systems, the impact of human activities on hydrological systems, including water pollution, land use changes, and infrastructure development, and evaluate the implications for environmental sustainability and water security. Case studies and real-world examples will be used to comprehend the practical applications of environmental hydrology in water resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is designed for students to learn methods and techniques used in multispectral satellite remote sensing of the earth. Students admitted to this course ought to have taken GEOD 307 which is a preparatory course in remote sensing. The main emphasis of this course is to build on physical principles and strengthen capabilities in image analysis and interpretation. Students will be introduced to the principles and methodologies of remote sensing, including sensor technologies, data acquisition, and image interpretation techniques. Case studies and real-world examples will be used to comprehend the practical applications of remote sensing in environmental research, resource management, and policy development. By the end of the course, students will be expected to:

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the principles and methodologies of remote sensing, including sensor technologies, data acquisition, and image interpretation techniques.
2. Apply remote sensing techniques to analyze environmental applications such as land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, climate analysis, and disaster assessment to address environmental challenges.
3. Utilize remote sensing data for environmental assessments and decision-making, including image processing, spatial analysis, and integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of remote sensing in environmental research, resource management, and policy development, critically evaluating its effectiveness.

Course content

The course will focus on the diverse environmental applications of remote sensing, including land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, climate analysis, and disaster assessment, to address environmental challenges. The key topics include imaging principles, satellite systems and their configuration and image pre-processing. Others include thematic application areas of earth resources analysis such as vegetation indices, land use and land cover change, surface heat, degradation mapping, accuracy assessment and validation.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course is meant to introduce students to the process of industrialization in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It will assess the implications of industrialization for urbanization, social transformation, and the environment in developing countries, including the challenges and opportunities associated with rapid industrial growth. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the historical and contemporary dynamics of industrialization in developing countries, considering the role of technology, globalization, and policy frameworks.
2. Analyse the economic implications of industrialization, including its impact on economic development, employment, income distribution, and trade patterns in developing economies.
3. Assess the implications of industrialization for urbanization, social transformation, and the environment in developing countries, demonstrating an understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with rapid industrial growth.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the diverse experiences of industrialization in different developing regions and to critically evaluate the socio-economic impacts of industrial growth.

Course content

The course covers several issues in industrialization in developing countries: the relevance of some of the economic development theories as well as other theoretical perspectives for industrialization in developing countries; the key strategies for industrialization in developing countries; globalisation and its effects on the industrialization processes of the developing world; and the industrial development policies and experiences of selected African countries including Ghana. It will also explore the historical and contemporary dynamics of industrialization in developing countries, considering the role of technology, globalization, and policy frameworks in shaping industrial growth. The course will also involve fieldwork by students.

Mode of Delivery

The course will be delivered mainly in the form of interactive lectures. Students will undertake field project work outside of lecture periods. During the final week of the semester, students will present the results of their project work. The presentations will be graded and that will constitute 30 per cent of the final marks for the course.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is intended to introduce students to the theories and analytical methods for integrated disaster risk reduction (IDRR) in Ghana especially and Africa in general. It will enable students acquire a deeper understanding of concepts in integrated environmental health (IEH) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), as well as help them develop adequate awareness and preparedness in Ghana. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the scientific principles underlying disaster risk, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience.
2. Integrate perspectives from earth sciences, social sciences, engineering, and public policy to address complex risk challenges, demonstrating an understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of disaster risk science.
3. Propose strategies for disaster risk reduction and management, including early warning systems, community-based approaches, and policy interventions aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk science in different hazard-prone regions, critically evaluating the effectiveness of risk reduction measures.

Course content

The course will focus on the scientific principles underpinning disaster risk, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience. It will analyze the interdisciplinary nature of disaster risk science, incorporating perspectives from earth sciences, social sciences, engineering, and public policy to address complex risk challenges. It will also discuss the strategies for disaster risk reduction and management, including early warning systems, community-based approaches, and policy interventions aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability. Case studies and real-world examples to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk science in different hazard-prone regions and to assess the effectiveness of risk reduction measures, will be used.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives: 

The course is intended to equip students with a fundamental knowledge of soil survey and its relevance to agricultural development in Ghana. It examines the methods and techniques used in soil surveying, including soil sampling, description, and classification, and the use of technology in soil mapping. Students will be equipped with in-depth knowledge and understanding of the characteristics, distribution and agronomic values of the various soils. The course covers the major types of soil survey: i.e., reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed surveys. The contents include description of the various methods used in each soil survey type in Ghana and the practical applicability of the methods. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply methods and techniques used in soil surveying, including soil sampling, description, classification, and technology-assisted soil mapping.
2. Interpret soil properties and their significance for land use planning, agriculture, and environmental management, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of their implications for soil conservation and sustainable land use.
3. Analyze the relationships between soils and the natural environment, demonstrating an understanding of the influence of soil properties on ecosystem dynamics.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to understand the practical applications of soil surveying in land management and environmental conservation, critically evaluating its role in sustainable practices.

Course content

The course covers the major types of soil survey in Ghana: i.e., reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed surveys. It interprets soil properties and their significance for land use planning, agriculture, and environmental management, considering the implications for soil conservation and sustainable land use. The contents include description of the various methods used in each soil survey type in Ghana and the practical applicability of each of the methods. It also covers soil classifications systems as used in Ghana including in-depth discussions of the various Soil Orders and Sub-Orders. Practical work includes identification and description of master soil horizons in a profile pit.

Mode of Delivery

Mode of delivery consists of face-to-face lectures, field trips and laboratory exercises. Lecture notes will be given in the form of power point presentation in addition to the required reading materials. Student presentations will form a key part of the course. Students are expected to come to class prepared therefore they are encouraged to read any assigned material prior to lecture session. Students are also encouraged to read any additional relevant materials.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

Land is the true of wealth of every nation. It is from these assets that the provision of food, water, wood, fibre and industrial products, and essential ecosystem services and functions are derived. However, African land and water resources in some areas are seriously threatened through overuse although per capita availability is one of the highest in the world. This is a direct result of the increasing needs of a growing population and combined, often, with inappropriate land management practices. Sustainable land and water management is a course, with the potential of making very significant differences in the near future. The course seeks to explore the complex interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, including surface water and groundwater, and assess the impact of human activities on water availability and quality. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes.
2. Evaluate the interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, considering the impact of human activities on water availability and quality.
3. Propose sustainable water management strategies, such as watershed management, water conservation, and integrated water resource management, to address water-related challenges.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of hydrology and water management in different environmental and societal contexts, critically evaluating their effectiveness.

Course content

The course will focus on the fundamental principles of hydrology including the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes, the interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, considering the impact of human activities on water availability and quality, sustainable water management strategies, such as watershed management, water conservation, and integrated water resource management, to address water-related challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

This course introduces students to the main factors and theories of the location of manufacturing industries and to develop their skills in analysing the location of enterprises devoted to processing raw materials and semi-processed goods and thereby add value to them. Students will be introduced to key perspectives on manufacturing geography, the main factors influencing location of manufacturing firms, the various approaches to the theories of industrial location and the works of the various contributors to these theories, as well as the relationship between the theories of industrial location and location in practice. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theoretical frameworks underpinning industrial location decisions, including spatial economics, agglomeration theory, and location models.
2. Analyse the practical considerations that influence industrial location decisions, including economic, geographical, and infrastructural factors, and the impact of globalization on industrial geography.
3. Assess the impact of technological advancements on industrial location patterns, considering the influence of digital technologies on industrial practices and spatial distribution.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to understand the application of industrial location theory in different economic and geographical contexts, and to critically evaluate the effectiveness of location decisions.

Course content

The course will focus on the theoretical frameworks that underpin industrial location decisions, including spatial economics, agglomeration theory, and location models. Other areas to be covered include the practical considerations that influence industrial location decisions, including economic, geographical, and infrastructural factors, and the impact of globalization on industrial geography, the impact of technological advancements on industrial location patterns, considering the rise of digital technologies and their influence on industrial practices and spatial distribution. Students will engage with case studies and real-world examples to understand the application of industrial location theory in different economic and geographical contexts, and to assess the effectiveness of location decisions.

Mode of Delivery

The course will be delivered mainly in the form of interactive lectures. Students will undertake field project work outside of lecture periods. During the final week of the semester, students will present the results of their project work. The presentations will be graded and that will constitute 30 per cent of the final marks for the course.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course critically examines the links between climatic processes and human activities. It investigates the physical nature of Earth’s climate and its variability across space and time and applies this to patterns of human activities. It explores ways in which climate influences human activities and how climate is also modified by humans intentionally and inadvertently by using relevant empirical case studies. Critical assessment of future scenarios of climate change and their impacts on human activities is also investigated. The overall objective of this course is to improve students’ scientific knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of links between climate and human society. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the ways in which climate patterns influence and interact with human societies, including the social, economic, and political implications of climate change.
2. Evaluate the adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by communities and nations in response to climate change, considering their effectiveness and ethical implications.
3. Propose frameworks for addressing climate-related challenges, considering the ethical and policy dimensions of climate-society interactions.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehensively assess the multifaceted impacts of climate change on different societies and to critically evaluate adaptive and mitigative measures.

Course content

The course focuses on ways in which climate patterns influence and interact with human societies, including the social, economic, and political implications of climate change. It will discuss the adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by communities and nations in response to climate change and evaluate their effectiveness. It will also discuss existing policies and proposing frameworks for addressing climate-related challenges. Case studies and real-world examples will be discussed to highlight the multifaceted impacts of climate change on different societies and to assess the effectiveness of various adaptive and mitigative measures.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

The course aims to provide students with a deeper understanding of the formation of soils, including the influence of geological, biological, and climatic factors on soil development. Students will explore the role of soils in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and environmental sustainability, while evaluating the implications of soil management practices for land use and conservation. The course content is structured to sharpen students’ analytical skills as it provides them with practical skills in soil analysis and interpretation, including the assessment of soil properties and their significance for various land management applications. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply advanced knowledge of the formation of soils, considering the interplay of geological, biological, and climatic factors in soil development.
2. Evaluate the role of soils in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and environmental sustainability, and assess the implications of soil management practices for land use and conservation.
3. Demonstrate in-depth understanding and interpretation of soil analysis, including the assessment of soil properties and their significance for various land management applications.
4. Illustrate the practical applications of pedological principles through the analysis of case studies and real-world examples in different environmental contexts.

Course content

The course focuses on discussion of the components, functions and properties of soil. It provides a basic understanding of soil formation and inorganic constituents of the soil including parent materials and how these materials disintegrate to form soils. It further discusses soil texture and how it affects pore space and the ability of the soil to retain water and air. Soil organic matter and the influence of vegetation on soils is also discussed. The course also discusses soil erosion, its effects and control measures. Also, concepts such as soil quality and soil health, and how they are affected by soil management practices are thoroughly discussed.

Mode of Delivery

Mode of delivery consist of classroom lectures and laboratory exercises. The class format consists of lectures of two hours per week. Lecture notes will be given in the form of power point presentation in addition to the required reading materials. Students are expected to come to class prepared therefore they are encouraged to read course assigned materials prior to lecture sessions. Students are also encouraged to read any additional relevant materials.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course introduces students to the fundamental principles of tropical biogeography, including the factors influencing species distribution and diversity in tropical regions. It investigates the ecological and evolutionary processes that contribute to the unique characteristics of tropical ecosystems, including adaptation, speciation, and community dynamics as well as the impact of human activities on tropical biogeography, evaluate conservation strategies for preserving tropical biodiversity, and analyze case studies and research findings related to tropical biogeography. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Showcase a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing species distribution and diversity in tropical regions.
2. Critically evaluate the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape the unique characteristics of tropical ecosystems.
3. Propose effective conservation strategies for preserving tropical biodiversity and critically assess the impact of human activities on tropical biogeography.
4. Analyze and interpret case studies and research findings related to tropical biogeography to develop informed perspectives on the subject.

Course content

The course explores the geographic patterns of plant and animal species in space and time and examines the abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors as determinant of contemporary patterns of species distribution in the tropical world. The broad biophysical properties of the tropical environment are highlighted, drawing on some concepts from environmental ecology and biogeography. Also studied are the physio-chemical characteristics of tropical aquatic environments and the associated flora and fauna, with particular emphasis on adaptations. Students will undertake field trips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and description of field data.

Mode of Delivery

Course delivery will combine lectures, group presentations and field visits. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Climatic change is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. This course is offered at a time when key facts about climate change itself are on firm grounds. Warming is unequivocal. There is very high confidence that the bulk (>90% of radiative forcing) of this warming is caused by human action. Using examples from the most vulnerable arid and semi-arid lands, this course examines the physical phenomena observed in the Earth’s climate, providing sufficient scientific and technical background to enable students to critically examine arguments being discussed by policy makers and the public at large. The course draws on examples from Arid and Semi-Arid lands to explain the impacts and adaptation to climate change. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Describe the characteristics and features of arid and semi-arid lands, including their distinctive ecosystems and environmental challenges.
2. Evaluate the impact of climate change on arid and semi-arid regions, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and ecological systems.
3. Analyze the erosional processes and distinctive landforms in arid and semi-arid regions, including the role of water and wind-driven processes.
4. Assess the implications of climatic change on arid and semi-arid regions for human populations, including water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods.

Course content

The focus of the course will be on the characteristics and features of arid and semi-arid lands, including their unique ecosystems and environmental challenges, the impact of climate change on arid and semi-arid regions, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and ecological systems, the erosional processes and distinctive landforms in arid and semi-arid regions, including the role of water and wind-driven processes and  the implications of climatic change on arid and semi-arid regions for human populations, including water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course introduces students to the various theories and case studies that underpin tourism development in developing countries using Ghana as the reference point. It offers students the opportunity to understand why tourism has become an important development option in developing countries; describe some of the development paradigms and theories associated with tourism in these countries; examine Ghana’s tourism resources and the attempts made at tourism development at the national and community levels; and assess the status of tourism in some major tourism destinations in developing countries. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Assess the economic impact of tourism on the development of Third World countries.
2. Analyze the social and environmental implications of tourism development in the Third World.
3. Identify and evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with tourism development in Third World countries.
4. Develop strategies for promoting sustainable and responsible tourism practices in the context of Third World countries.

Course Content

The course will explore the economic significance of tourism in the third world and its potential as a tool for economic development, the social and environmental implications of tourism development in third world countries, the challenges and opportunities associated with tourism development in the third world, including issues of sustainability and responsible tourism practices; and the strategies and best practices for promoting sustainable and responsible tourism development in third world countries.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course examines the ecological principles and processes governing ecosystems, emphasizing the interrelationships between organisms and their environment. It introduces students to the impacts of human activities on natural environments, addressing issues such as biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and habitat fragmentation. The complexities of environmental ecology are   examined, fostering a comprehensive understanding of conservation, restoration, and the application of ecological principles to environmental management. Students’ field visits are essential to provide local illustrations. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the ecological principles and processes governing ecosystems, emphasizing the interrelationships between organisms and their environment.
2. Evaluate the impacts of human activities on natural environments, addressing issues such as biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and habitat fragmentation with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically analyse the complexities of environmental ecology, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary environmental challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying ecological concepts to real-world environmental ecology scenarios, demonstrating competency in environmental ecology research and analysis.

Course Content

Specific topics:  basic concepts and principles of ecology and discuss ecosystem dynamics in respect of energy and nutrient circulation in ecosystems.  Ecosystem productivity, services and resources are also discussed including concerns on problems of environmental degradation and pollution from ecological perspectives.  Also treated are drivers of environmental degradation and approaches to studying ecological populations and communities.

Mode of Delivery

Course delivery will combine lectures, group presentations and field visits. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

The course focuses on agricultural land use systems with special reference to their relative sustainability, effects upon the physical environment and efficiency in food production in the developing world most especially sub-Saharan Africa. This course delves into the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production, including smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues. Students will critically analyze the complexities of agricultural systems in the developing world. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the diverse agricultural systems and practices in developing countries, emphasizing the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production.
2. Evaluate the challenges and opportunities related to smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues in the developing world, fostering a nuanced perspective on agricultural systems in developing countries.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of agricultural systems in the developing world, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary agricultural challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding and addressing real-world agricultural challenges prevalent in the developing world, demonstrating competency in agricultural systems research and analysis.

Course Content

Students will examine the diverse agricultural systems and practices in developing countries, emphasizing the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production Specific topics such as sustainable intensification, climate change impacts, and the role of technology in agricultural development, the challenges and opportunities related to smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues in the developing world.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to some of the theories and empirics in Leisure, Recreation and Tourism (LRT) studies. It will examine the interrelationships between geography and tourism, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dynamics and impacts of tourism activities emphasizing destination planning and cultural landscapes. The impacts of tourism on local communities and the environment, addressing issues such as sustainable tourism practices and the management of tourist destinations. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial dimensions and geographical factors influencing tourism development, emphasizing destination planning and cultural landscapes.
2. Evaluate the impacts of tourism on local communities and the environment, addressing issues such as sustainable tourism practices and the management of tourist destinations with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically examine the interrelationships between geography and tourism, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary tourism development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying geographical concepts to real-world tourism development scenarios, demonstrating competency in tourism geography research and analysis.

Course content

The specific topics to be covered in the course include: distinguishing among leisure, recreation and tourism and relate them to everyday lives; the subject matter of tourism, its structure and history; the concepts of tourism motivation and tourism typologies; characterization of tourism destinations and relating them to the concepts of carrying capacity and Area Life Cycle; major sectors in the industry and explain their interconnectedness; the physical/environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism. Case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying geographical concepts to real-world tourism development scenarios will be used.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course will introduce students to the theoretical frameworks and historical evolution of agricultural systems in developing countries, emphasizing the impact of globalization on agricultural change. It critically analyze the complexities of agricultural change in developing countries, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in agricultural development. Students will evaluate policy interventions and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural development, addressing issues such as land reform, market integration, and the role of technology in agricultural transformation. Case studies and practical exercises will be used in order for students to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world agricultural development scenarios. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the theoretical frameworks and historical evolution of agricultural systems in developing countries, emphasizing the impact of globalization on agricultural change.
2. Evaluate policy interventions and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural development, addressing issues such as land reform, market integration, and the role of technology in agricultural transformation with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of agricultural change in developing countries, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary agricultural development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world agricultural development scenarios, demonstrating competency in agricultural development research and analysis.

Course Content

The course will introduce general agricultural land use theories and policies and definitions of basic terms/concepts. Other topics include problems and issues in agricultural land use and management, factors and basic ideas of agricultural land use, change/evolution of agricultural landscapes, including agriculture-environment-development interrelationships, ideas of Malthus, Boserup and others on the relationship, between population and agricultural land use. Students  will also explore the significance of these ideas for the development process, concept and measurement of carrying capacity of land, theoretical optimization models of agricultural land use an overview of global agricultural land use policies and agricultural land use policies in Ghana.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. 

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

The course focuses on the improvement of health levels through the instrument of development. Thus, the interrelationships among health, population and socio-economic development are examined with examples drawn from both developed and developing countries with particular emphasis on Africa. To explore the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions between health outcomes and development indicators, emphasizing the application of spatial and temporal analytical techniques. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions between health outcomes and development indicators, emphasizing the application of spatial and temporal analytical techniques.
2. Apply spatio-temporal analysis to understand the distribution of health-related events, population dynamics, and the impact of development processes on health outcomes, fostering a nuanced perspective on health and development dynamics.
3. Critically examine disease surveillance, demographic transitions, and the spatial dimensions of development interventions, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary health and development challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying spatio-temporal analysis techniques to health and development research and analysis, demonstrating competency in spatio-temporal analysis research and application.

Course content

Topics to be discuss will provide an understanding of the linkages between human health and development, examine a wide array of determinants of health in developing countries and identify the most effective ways to improve human health in developing countries. Specific topics will include the distribution of health-related events, population dynamics, and the impact of development processes on health outcomes, disease surveillance, demographic transitions, and the spatial dimensions of development interventions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Medical Geography uses the concepts and techniques of the discipline of Geography to investigate health-related issues. Subjects are viewed in holistic terms within a variety of cultural systems and a diverse biosphere. Drawing freely from the facts, concepts, and techniques of other social, physical, and biological sciences, Medical Geography is an integrative sub-discipline that has room within its broad scope for a wide range of specialist contributions. Medical Geography has two main sub-divisions: disease ecology tradition and the health service tradition. This course focuses on the disease ecology tradition. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the spatial patterns and distribution of health and disease, emphasizing the geographical factors influencing health outcomes.
2. Evaluate the determinants of health, including access to healthcare, environmental influences, and the impact of urban and rural settings on public health, fostering a nuanced perspective on medical geography.
3. Critically examine disease diffusion and environmental health disparities, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary public health challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying geographic information systems (GIS) in health research and analysis, demonstrating competency in medical geography research and analysis.

Course Content

The course will focus on the spatial patterns and distribution of health and disease, emphasizing the geographical factors influencing health outcomes. It will discuss the determinants of health, including access to healthcare, environmental influences, and the impact of urban and rural settings on public health. It will also critically examine disease diffusion and environmental health disparities, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the intersection of geography and health. Practical exercises and case studies will be used for students to gain proficiency in applying geographic information systems (GIS) in health research and analysis.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course focuses on city systems, rural-urban linkages, regional economic role of cities and problems of urban management.  The relevance of the themes for urban and regional planning is underscored. This course aims at providing an understanding of the role of cities in the economies of developing countries. It further looks at the problems associated with such development and outlines possible strategies for proper urban management. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the complex urban management issues and governance challenges faced by cities in the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban governance and service delivery.
2. Critically analyze the informal economies and spatial inequalities prevalent in urban environments of the Global South, addressing issues such as slum redevelopment and infrastructure provision with a nuanced perspective.
3. Examine the environmental sustainability challenges and community participation in urban decision-making, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary urban management challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding the urban management challenges specific to cities in the Global South, demonstrating competency in urban management research and analysis.

Course content

The course will focus on the complex urban management issues and governance challenges faced by cities in the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban governance and service delivery. It will critically analyze the informal economies and spatial inequalities prevalent in urban environments of the Global South, addressing issues such as slum redevelopment and infrastructure provision. It will also examine the environmental sustainability challenges and community participation in urban decision-making, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the unique urban management dynamics in this context. Case studies and practical exercises will be used to explain the urban management challenges specific to cities in the Global South. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. Students will undertake fieldtrips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and discussion of field data.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course is designed to give students competent knowledge of the broad patterns and dynamics of world urbanization. It analyses the internal spatial organization of cities with special reference to land use analyses and how the urban economy ticks. The course employs a cross-sectional approach in the discussion of these major themes. It seeks to identify major differences and similarities of the urban experience between the Global North and South and highlights the relevance of the themes in urban planning. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the urbanization processes, challenges, and opportunities in the cities of the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban growth and informal settlements.
2. Evaluate the socio-economic complexities of urban environments in the Global South, addressing issues such as urban poverty, infrastructure development, and the role of culture in shaping urban landscapes with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically examine the governance and sustainability challenges in urban management in the Global South, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary urbanization challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding the urbanization processes and challenges specific to cities in the Global South, demonstrating competency in urban studies research and analysis.

Course content

The course will analyze the urbanization processes, challenges, and opportunities in the cities of the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban growth and informal settlements. It will highlight the socio-economic complexities of urban environments in the Global South, addressing issues such as urban poverty, infrastructure development, and the role of culture in shaping urban landscapes. It will also examine the governance and sustainability challenges in urban management in the Global South, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the unique urbanization dynamics in this context.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. Students will undertake fieldtrips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and discussion of field data.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course seeks to explore the application of geomorphological principles and techniques in environmental management, land use planning, and natural hazard assessment. It critically analyzes the role of geomorphology in addressing environmental challenges, sustainable land use, and the mitigation of natural hazards. It will also examine the practical application of geomorphological concepts and techniques to real-world scenarios, addressing issues such as watershed management, coastal zone planning, and slope stability assessment. Students will engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying geomorphology to address environmental and land management challenges. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply geomorphological principles and techniques in environmental management, land use planning, and natural hazard assessment.
2. Critically analyze the role of geomorphology in addressing environmental challenges, sustainable land use, and the mitigation of natural hazards, fostering a nuanced

Course content

The course focuses on applied geomorphology, origin, morphology and dynamics pertaining to geomorphic processes and landforms, and the application of geomorphic ideas, knowledge and concepts to addressing geomorphic problems of the environment such as coastal/shoreline erosion and control, landslide risk assessments and prevention, flood hazard assessment and management, river management issues among others. Thus, the course examines the impacts of certain geomorphological processes on society and discusses measures of solving the many environmental issues confronted by society. There will be field studies and laboratory analysis as part of the course training.

Mode of Delivery

Delivery would take the form of teaching and would involve lectures utilizing power point files, web resources and selected materials on prescribed topics. Another mode of delivery would be in the form tutorials and class groupings presentation. Student interactions are a part of the course and are expected to attend and participate in all lecture classes and field work.  

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

The understanding of developmental patterns in respect of the diverse and complex environmental controls and geomorphic responses in the tropics appears to be an essential prerequisite for the understanding, assessment and distinction of climatically driven and humanly induced environmental changes, as well as for the planning of technological, social and political measures and sustainable development. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain unique geomorphological features of tropical landscapes and the processes shaping landform development in tropical regions.
2. Critically analyze the impact of tropical climates on weathering, erosion, fluvial systems, and coastal dynamics in tropical geomorphology, fostering a nuanced perspective on tropical landform processes.
3. Examine the environmental challenges specific to tropical regions, addressing issues such as tropical soil erosion, landslide hazards, and the impact of tropical storms on landforms with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in practical exercises and fieldwork to gain proficiency in understanding the geomorphological processes and environmental dynamics of tropical regions, demonstrating competency in tropical geomorphology research and analysis.

Course content

The course will focus on the unique geomorphological features of tropical landscapes and the processes shaping landform development in tropical regions. It will also discuss the impact of tropical climates on weathering, erosion, fluvial systems, and coastal dynamics in tropical geomorphology. Finally, it will discuss the environmental challenges specific to tropical regions, addressing issues such as tropical soil erosion, landslide hazards, and the impact of tropical storms on landforms.

Mode of Delivery

Delivery would take the form of teaching and would involve lectures utilizing power point files, web resources and selected materials on prescribed topics and current events, especially when a major global or national environmental. Other modes of delivery would be in the form tutorials and class groupings presentation. Student interactions are a part of the course and are expected to attend and participate in all lecture classes and field work.   

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course examines the role of transport systems in the development of nation states in particular and wider geographical regions in general. It highlights the interrelationships between transport systems and the spatial economy, addressing issues such as accessibility, connectivity, and the impact of transportation on economic development. It also discusses the economic implications of transportation systems, logistics, and the spatial distribution of economic activities, fostering a comprehensive understanding of transport and the space economy. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial organization of transport networks and their role in shaping economic activities, emphasizing the dynamics of spatial development.
2. Evaluate the interrelationships between transport systems and the spatial economy, addressing issues such as accessibility, connectivity, and the impact of transportation on economic development, fostering a nuanced perspective on transport and the space economy.
3. Analyze the economic implications of transportation systems, logistics, and the spatial distribution of economic activities, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary spatial economic challenges.
4. Engage in theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the spatial dimensions and economic impacts of transportation systems, demonstrating competency in applying economic perspectives to transport and spatial economy issues.

Course content

The course focuses on the interrelationships between transport systems and the spatial economy, addressing issues such as accessibility, connectivity, and the impact of transportation on economic development. It also discusses the economic implications of transportation systems, logistics, and the spatial distribution of economic activities. Efforts are made to do comparative analysis between what pertains in the developed and developing worlds. Attention is also given to the role of transport in urban and rural system dynamics in developed and developing countries. The key case studies are Ghana, Nigeria, Brazil and the rest of the world. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course focuses on transportation and the organization of human society in terms of the mobility of passengers, goods and information over geographical space. It seeks to examine the complexities of transportation geography, addressing issues such as transport sustainability, accessibility, and the role of transportation in urban and regional development. It also focuses on the spatial dimensions, infrastructural networks, and socio-economic impacts of transportation systems, emphasizing the role of transport in shaping spatial interactions and accessibility. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial dimensions, infrastructural networks, and socio-economic impacts of transportation systems, emphasizing the role of transport in shaping spatial interactions and accessibility.
2. Evaluate modes of transport, urban mobility, logistics, and the spatial implications of transportation systems, fostering a nuanced perspective on transport geography.
3. Analyze the complexities of transportation geography, addressing issues such as transport sustainability, accessibility, and the role of transportation in urban and regional development with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the spatial aspects of transportation systems and their impacts, demonstrating competency in applying geographical perspectives to transport issues.

Course content

The course highlights the modes of transport, urban mobility, logistics, and the spatial implications of transportation systems, fostering a comprehensive understanding of transport geography The role of transport systems (e.g., infrastructures, modes and terminals) in enabling or constraining spatial interactions, as well as the unintended externalities associated with modern forms of transport are further examined. Major highlights include: the theory of transportation development and planning; network formation and analyses using specific models and techniques as well as land use-transport mosaic.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course will introduce students to the spatial patterns and dynamics in the distribution, composition, and change of population and its relationship with variations in the nature of places. It examines demographic patterns, regularities and order in space, and seeks to explain these patterns by the processes operating differentially in space which create, modify, destroy or replace such patterns. Students will be introduced to basic concepts, theories and demographic perspectives of population change. Global trends in population growth and the factors explaining the timing and pace of these trends, as well as major theories explaining population change will be examined. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theories, methodologies, and empirical research related to population dynamics, emphasizing the relevance of population studies in demographic analysis.
2. Utilize demographic analysis, population modeling, and the study of population structure and characteristics to address population trends and patterns, fostering a nuanced perspective on population dynamics.
3. Critically analyze population trends, patterns, and their implications for social, economic, and environmental systems, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary population challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying population studies methodologies to real-world scenarios, demonstrating competency in population studies research and analysis.

Course content

It will [provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the theories, methodologies, and empirical research related to population dynamics, demographic analysis, population modeling, and the study of population structure and characteristics, fostering proficiency in population studies. It will also focus on population trends, patterns, and their implications for social, economic, and environmental systems, addressing contemporary population challenges. Students will discuss case studies to gain proficiency in applying population studies methodologies to real-world scenarios.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course provides an analysis of the inter-relationships between Population and Development within a global and a local context.  The course will focus on population as a development issue highlighting how population change occurring simultaneously with the unsustainable use of the Earth’s resources can impact on the environment and on development. The concept of sustainable development will be discussed drawing out its implications for population and development and the SDGs.  Population policies and programmes within the context of global and national development issues will also be discussed. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships between population dynamics and socio-economic development, emphasizing the impact of demographic trends on sustainable development.
2. Evaluate population policies and their implications for addressing population growth, fertility, migration, and urbanization in the context of development, fostering a nuanced perspective on population and development policies.
3. Analyze the role of population dynamics in shaping development trajectories, addressing issues such as demographic transition, population aging, and urbanization challenges with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the complexities of population and development interactions, demonstrating competency in applying demographic perspectives to development issues.

Course content

The course will focus on the interrelationships between population dynamics and socio-economic development, emphasizing the impact of demographic trends on sustainable development, population policies and their implications for addressing population growth, fertility, migration, and urbanization in the context of development, demographic transition, population aging, and urbanization challenges. Students will discuss theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the complexities of population and development interactions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course introduces students to the general concepts and theories of rural development of relevance to sub-Saharan Africa. A step back in recent history is taken to examine the major ideas that have governed rural development policies and some reasons for slow growth of the rural economy. Different explanations for continued high levels of rural poverty are explored. Contemporary debates on the direction of rural development strategies are examined showing new challenges for rural development policy makers and practitioners. It seeks to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development, fostering a nuanced perspective on rural development theories and policies.
2. Evaluate the complexities of rural resource management, sustainable utilization, and policy interventions aimed at promoting inclusive and sustainable rural development with critical thinking skills.
3. Analyze the implications of land use planning, agricultural policies, natural resource governance, and rural-urban linkages in rural resources development, utilizing theoretical concepts to address rural development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world rural development scenarios, demonstrating competency in rural resources development theories and practices.

Course content

The course focuses on the complexities of rural resource management, sustainable utilization, and policy interventions aimed at promoting inclusive and sustainable rural development. It focuses on theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development the implications of land use planning, agricultural policies, natural resource governance, and rural-urban linkages in rural resources development. It will engage students in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world rural development scenarios.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course aims to introduce a range of tools needed by development practitioners in NGOs, government agencies, and businesses. Students will gain familiarity with the most important available tools for executing tasks demanded of development workers in any organisation. Students will be provided practical skills and competencies essential for effective rural development practice, emphasizing community engagement and participatory approaches. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in applying practical skills and competencies essential for effective rural development practice, emphasizing community engagement and participatory approaches.
2. Execute project management and implementation, addressing the complexities of planning and executing rural development initiatives with competence.
3. Apply the principles of sustainable resource utilization and environmental management, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in rural development.
4. Utilize technology to enhance rural development outcomes and address rural challenges, demonstrating competency in leveraging technology for rural development initiatives.

Course content

The course will focus on proficiency in project management and implementation, addressing the complexities of planning and executing rural development initiatives. It will also discuss principles of sustainable resource utilization and environmental management, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in rural development. Tools and frameworks covered may include proposal writing, baselines, monitoring and evaluation, environmental and social impact assessments, participatory research technics, sustainable livelihoods analysis, and the art of report writing.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is meant to introduce students to spatial analytics with the aim of providing students with the background necessary for geographic investigation and statistical representation of geographic events. It will provide students with a practical understanding of the quantitative methods and tools used in analyzing spatial data and geographical patterns, GIS applications, remote sensing, and spatial modeling, fostering proficiency in spatial analysis techniques. It seeks to equip students with the skills to apply spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes, emphasizing the relevance of spatial analysis in geographical research and planning. Students taking this course would have satisfied the prerequisite of GEOD 307 and GEOD 312. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing quantitative methods and tools to analyze spatial data and geographical patterns.
2. Utilize spatial statistics, GIS applications, remote sensing, and spatial modeling to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes.
3. Apply spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes, emphasizing the relevance of spatial analysis in geographical research and planning.
4. Gain proficiency in utilizing spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes through hands-on exercises and real-world applications, demonstrating competency in spatial analysis techniques.

Course content

The course will teach methods and models that have been developed for spatial analysis and patterns recognition. Topics to be covered in the course will include spatial statistical methods such techniques for analyzing point, line and polygon data; methods for analyzing and representing spatial relationships, including hypothesis testing, neighbourhood analysis, spatial interpolation and multi-criteria decision making.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course aims to give students basic knowledge on theories and practice of planning. It covers aspects of urban/town/city, regional and development planning. Special emphasis would be placed on the planning experience of Ghana in the past as well as the implication of the current decentralized planning system for the practice of planning in the country. Students will engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying planning theories and principles to real-world planning scenarios. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the historical evolution of planning theories and their implications for contemporary urban and regional planning practice.
2. Evaluate the role of governance and policy frameworks in shaping urban and regional planning processes, fostering a nuanced perspective on planning governance and decision-making.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of urban and regional planning, addressing issues such as sustainable development, community engagement, and spatial justice, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary planning challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying planning theories and principles to real-world planning scenarios, demonstrating competency in planning practice.

Course content

The course is divided into two aspects: the first part covers concepts and theories of planning. The second part covers the practice of planning-policies, strategies, institutional and legal frameworks and the experiences using examples drawn particularly from developing countries, Africa and Ghana. Specific topics will include the historical evolution of planning theories and their implications for contemporary urban and regional planning practice; the role of governance and policy frameworks in shaping urban and regional planning processes, fostering a comprehensive understanding of planning governance and decision-making. It will also focus on the complexities of urban and regional planning, addressing issues such as sustainable development, community engagement, and spatial justice.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The extractive industry has potential for significantly transforming the national socio-economic landscape of mineral endowed countries. This course is structured to consider some of the pertinent issues surrounding the growth of the extractive industry, which comprises the oil and gas, and mining sectors. The course examines the impacts of the extractive industry in the development processes of countries especially in the global South. Drawing on case-studies from worse and best practices globally, this course seeks to equip students with requisite skills and competence to engage in meaningful discussions on the extractive industry. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of extractive industries and their impact on regional development.
2. Critically analyze the complexities of natural resource extraction, resource governance, and sustainable development in extractive industry-dependent regions.
3. Evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with extractive industries, addressing issues such as resource curse, community engagement, and environmental impact assessment.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying policy frameworks to promote sustainable development in resource-rich regions, demonstrating competency in addressing extractive industry-related challenges.

Course content

The focus of the course will be on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of extractive industries and their impact on regional development, the complexities of natural resource extraction, resource governance, and sustainable development in extractive industry-dependent regions, the challenges and opportunities associated with extractive industries, addressing issues such as resource curse, community engagement, and environmental impact assessment. Students will also engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying policy frameworks to promote sustainable development in resource-rich regions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This is meant to introduce students to some techniques for analysing the structure and functions of regions as well as methods for measuring phenomena of particular interest to spatial development. It will provide students with a practical understanding of the quantitative and qualitative methods used in regional analysis and spatial planning as well as with econometric modeling, and qualitative research techniques, fostering proficiency in regional science methods. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods in regional analysis and spatial planning.
2. Utilize econometric modeling, and qualitative research techniques to address regional challenges and opportunities.
3. Apply various methods to address regional challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the relevance of regional science in decision-making and policy formulation.
4. Gain proficiency in utilizing various methods to address regional challenges and opportunities through hands-on exercises and real-world applications, demonstrating competency in regional science techniques.

Course content

The students will have the opportunity to learn about some techniques for delineating ‘regions or spaces of varying dimensions in order to address some spatial issues or study particular phenomena; techniques for analysing a region’s economic structure and for forecasting a regions economic growth; modelling of urban and regional phenomena and their application in addressing problems that are spatial in nature; and techniques for measuring spatial disparity in development.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

The course is aimed at giving students basic knowledge on theories of regional development/underdevelopment, politics and strategies of regional planning and elements of planning theory and practice. It also assesses the relevance of these theories and the development process in the era of structural adjustments and globalisation. Although essentially comparative, the focus will be on Ghana and the Developing World. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the economic, social, and environmental factors influencing regional disparities and development trajectories.
2. Evaluate the theories, policies, and practices related to regional development and planning, fostering a nuanced perspective on regional governance and spatial inequalities.
3. Analyze the implications of sustainable development, innovation, and entrepreneurship in fostering inclusive regional growth, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary regional development challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying regional development theories and policies to real-world scenarios, demonstrating competency in regional development practices.

Course content

The course is divided into two aspects: the first part deals with the spatial dimension and issues of development. The second part deals with policy and strategies of regional planning. Specific topics include the economic, social, and environmental factors influencing regional disparities and development trajectories; Theories, policies, and practices related to regional development and planning, regional governance and spatial inequalities; innovation, and entrepreneurship in fostering inclusive regional growth, and addressing contemporary regional development challenges. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 6

This is a final-year independent research project undertaken by students under the guidance of an assigned supervisor. The long essay is primarily field-based, conducted over two semesters, and focuses on a topic approved by the Department. 
Students are responsible for the full research process from proposal development to data collection, analysis, and writing. The final submission should be a well-structured academic essay of no more than 45 pages, excluding references and appendices.
The long essay aims to develop students’ skills in:
1.    Independent research design and execution
2.    Application of appropriate geographical methods
3.    Data analysis and interpretation
4.    Academic writing and presentation
The project serves as a capstone experience, demonstrating students' ability to apply geographic knowledge and research skills in addressing real-world issues.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

The course aims to provide an understanding of the changing Political Geography of Africa, explain the contemporary geopolitical scene with regard to intra-state and inter-state relations and explore the geographical influences on Africa's external relations:  pre-colonial polities and state formation in Africa; colonialism and partition; interaction between the geographical environments and political processes and their consequences for the formation, functioning and inter-relations of states in Africa; colonization and de-colonization, regional co-operation and African unity, Africa's geopolitical relations; colonial policies and development; patterns of decolonization; nature of African boundaries and related problems; nationalism and Pan-Africanism; national integration - centripetal and centrifugal forces; causes of territorial and boundary disputes; settlement of territorial and boundary disputes; regional cooperation and African unity; Africa and globalization. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Discuss the historical legacies, contemporary power structures, and regional interactions that influence Africa's geopolitical position in the global arena.
2. Evaluate the political, economic, and social dynamics that shape the geopolitical landscape of the African continent, fostering a nuanced perspective on African geopolitics.
3. Analyze the implications of resource conflicts, regional integration, colonial legacies, and the role of external actors in shaping Africa's geopolitical dynamics, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary geopolitical challenges.
4. Critically engage with theoretical frameworks and case studies to understand the complexities of African geopolitics and its implications for global affairs, demonstrating proficiency in applying geopolitical perspectives to African geopolitical issues.

Course content

The course covers topics such as the historical legacies, contemporary power structures, and regional interactions that influence Africa's geopolitical position in the global arena, the political, economic, and social dynamics that shape the geopolitical landscape of the African continent, the implications of resource conflicts, regional integration, colonial legacies, and the role of external actors in shaping Africa's geopolitical dynamics, addressing contemporary geopolitical challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course introduces and analyses the integrated relationship between human, development, and environment as a central topic of Geography.  The course focuses on contemporary environmental issues and the challenges of understanding and responding to them in a sustainable manner.  Students will discuss key debates in environment and development issues and critically examine the nature, drivers, and politics of sustainable and unsustainable development. It aims at building students’ understandings of the processes of environmental change about human wellbeing and development, and equips students with the required skills for environment and development policy and analysis. The course presents unique geographical insights on the framings of environmental problems and challenges students to critically examine pressing real-world issues and proposed solutions. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the principles and challenges related to sustainable environmental management, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human activities, ecosystems, and natural resources.
2. Evaluate the interdisciplinary approaches and policy frameworks aimed at promoting environmental sustainability, fostering a nuanced perspective on sustainable development and conservation practices.
3. Analyze the implications of climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, renewable energy, and sustainable urban planning, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary environmental challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying sustainable environmental management principles to real-world scenarios, demonstrating competency in environmental sustainability practices.

Course content

The key topics to be discussed will include the principles and challenges related to sustainable environmental management, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human activities, ecosystems, and natural resources; policy frameworks aimed at promoting environmental sustainability, sustainable development and conservation practices, implications of climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, renewable energy, sustainable urban planning, and addressing contemporary environmental challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course introduces students to the nature and impacts of globalisation from a geographical perspective. It seeks to analyze the spatial dimensions, processes, and impacts of globalization, emphasizing the interconnectedness of global systems and local spaces. It will also focus on the economic, political, cultural, and environmental dimensions of globalization, fostering a nuanced understanding of the uneven geographical outcomes and power dynamics that shape global integration and disintegration. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial dimensions, processes, and impacts of globalization, with a focus on the interconnectedness of global systems and local spaces.

2. Evaluate the economic, political, cultural, and environmental dimensions of globalization, fostering a nuanced perspective on the uneven geographical outcomes and power dynamics that shape global integration and disintegration.

3. Analyze the spatial manifestations of globalization, addressing issues such as transnational flows, urbanization, global supply chains, and the role of geographical factors in shaping global inequalities and opportunities, utilizing critical thinking skills to address global challenges.

4. Critically engage with theoretical frameworks and case studies to understand the complexities of the geography of globalization and its implications for contemporary global challenges, demonstrating proficiency in applying geographical perspectives to global issues. 

Course content

Key areas of focus will be the concept of globalization on the economic, cultural, population growth and migration and environmental implications of the process in both developed and developing countries. Emphasis is placed on how the processes of globalization operate to create, maintain, and deepen poverty, inequality and social justice amongst social groups at the local and national levels.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Climatology is an examination of the science of climate. The course puts emphasis on the processes that govern the Earth's climate rather than on the statistics of the climate itself. The course covers the flow of energy, mass, and water in the atmosphere as driven by incoming solar radiation and mediated by the basic physics of the Earth system. It explains the linkages between incoming solar radiation and the flow of energy, mass and water in the atmosphere.  It aims to build a solid understanding of the science of climate and the causes of climate variability and change. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the processes that drive climate systems, including atmospheric circulation, weather phenomena, and climate change.

2. Evaluate the influence of climatic factors on ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and human settlements, fostering a nuanced perspective on the interconnectedness of climate and human societies.

3. Analyze the implications of climate change for global climate governance and sustainable development, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary environmental challenges.

4. Engage in empirical studies and practical exercises to gain a profound understanding of climatic processes and their significance in addressing contemporary environmental challenges, demonstrating proficiency in climatological analysis and interpretation.

Course content

The topics to be discussed will include the processes that drive climate systems, including atmospheric circulation, weather phenomena, and long-term climate change, the influence of climatic factors on ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and human settlements, emphasizing the interconnectedness of climate and human societies, the implications of climate change for global climate governance and sustainable development, fostering a nuanced understanding of contemporary environmental challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course will provide an in-depth understanding of how Northern Africa and Eastern Africa offer specific regions of study. It seeks to analyze the geographical evolution and spatial dynamics of Africa's historical landscapes, emphasizing the interactions between human societies, environments, and historical processes. The various methodological approaches to Historical Geography and the technical and conceptual advances in the field are examined in relation to spatial analysis.  There is also a critical analysis of the historic-spatial patterns of the Human Geography of Africa from the prehistoric period through to contemporary times. It critically engages with historical sources and geographical methods to gain insights into the historical trajectories of African societies and their impact on the continent's spatial organization. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the geographical evolution and spatial dynamics of Africa's historical landscapes.
2.  Evaluate the impact of colonization, trade routes, cultural diffusion, and environmental changes on the spatial organization of African societies throughout history, fostering a nuanced perspective on the historical geographies of Africa.
3. Utilize multidisciplinary approaches and spatial analysis techniques to understand the complex relationships between human activities, landscapes, and the historical geographies of Africa, demonstrating proficiency in historical geographical analysis.
4. Critically engage with historical sources and geographical methods to gain insights into the historical trajectories of African societies and their impact on the continent's spatial organization, demonstrating proficiency in applying historical geographical perspectives to African historical landscapes.

Course content

The course uses multidisciplinary approaches and spatial analysis techniques used to understand the complex relationships between human activities, landscapes, and the historical geographies of Africa. The topics include methodological development in historical geography, temporal explanation in geography, the status of historical geography, the dynamic of population growth, the development of the agricultural landscape, spatial and economic structures in relation to long-term external influences and development, and an analysis of historic-spatial patterns in Africa including the impact of colonization, trade routes, cultural diffusion, and environmental changes on the spatial organization of African societies throughout history.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This is an introductory course in GIS designed to introduce students to the core principles, concepts, and applications of GIS in geographical analysis, spatial data management, and cartography. It will introduce students to the fundamental principles and concepts of GIS, emphasizing its significance in geographical analysis and spatial data management. It also seeks to equip students with the skills to utilize GIS technology for spatial data visualization, geospatial analysis, and cartographic representation in geographical research and applications. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental principles and concepts of GIS and their significance in geographical analysis and spatial data management.

2. Utilize GIS technology for spatial data visualization, geospatial analysis, and cartographic representation in geographical research and real-world applications.

3. Acquire proficiency in data acquisition, manipulation, and interpretation using GIS software, demonstrating the ability to analyze spatial patterns and create thematic maps.

4. Apply GIS techniques to address real-world geographical challenges, demonstrating proficiency in problem-solving and decision-making skills in diverse fields such as urban planning, environmental management, and social sciences.

Course Content

The course is meant to expose students to the world of GIS, its unique data types, data sources, data preparation and analysis to solve real world problems. It is also meant to provide hands-on practical applications using real world data so that students can appreciate the world of GIS and its capabilities in solving complex problems. Specific topics to be covered include GIS data, data types and data quality, data capture techniques such as digitizing and the use of GPS, mobile mapping techniques, creation and editing of attribute table and visualization of spatial data.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course highlights the geographic dimensions of migration and mobility. Geographers are interested in the process because of the interconnections and spatial linkages that are formed when people move. The numbers of flows and channels that are created because of migration have risen dramatically in the past two centuries, and the result is the constant transformation both of sending and receiving areas. The course provides a comprehensive explanation of the geographical dimensions of human migration, focusing on the causes, patterns, and impacts of population movements within and across regions. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the geographical dimensions of human migration, with a focus on the causes, patterns, and impacts of population movements within and across regions.

2. Evaluate the interplay between geographical factors, social dynamics, and policy implications related to migration, fostering a nuanced perspective on the complexities of human mobility.

3. Analyse the spatial, economic, and social aspects of migration, addressing issues such as urbanization, labour mobility, displacement, and the cultural implications of migration, utilizing critical thinking skills to address migration-related challenges.

4. Critically engage with theoretical frameworks and empirical case studies to understand the complexities of migration and its implications for contemporary geographical and social challenges, demonstrating proficiency in applying geographical perspectives to migration issues.

Course content

In this course, students will be exposed to the patterns, causes, and consequences of migration. It will focus on the interplay between geographical factors, social dynamics, and policy implications related to internal migration, international migration, refugee movements, and diaspora communities. Key issues such as the role of globalisation in international migration processes, people’s motivation to move long distances, often across several international borders, the geographical dimensions of human migration, emphasizing the causes, patterns, and impacts of population movements within and across regions will be discussed. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Political Geography offers exploration of the spatial dimensions of politics, power, and governance, providing students with understanding of the interactions between geographical contexts and political processes as well as the significance of political borders, territoriality, and geopolitics in shaping state behavior and international relations. It focuses on the spatial dimensions of politics, power, and governance, emphasizing the influence of geographical contexts on political processes By the end of the course students should be able to: 

1. Explain the spatial dimensions of politics, power, and governance, with a focus on the influence of geographical contexts on political processes.

2. Evaluate the significance of political borders, territoriality, and geopolitics in shaping state behavior and influencing international relations, fostering a nuanced perspective on the complexities of political geography.

3. Analyze the role of geographical factors in state formation, nationalism, and the geopolitics of resources at local, national, and global scales, utilizing critical thinking skills to address geopolitical challenges.

4. Critically engage with theoretical frameworks and case studies to understand the complexities of political geography and its implications for contemporary geopolitical challenges, demonstrating proficiency in applying geographical perspectives to political issues.

Course content

This course examines issues relating to spatial demarcations and institutions governing territorial governance. Topics to be examined in this course include the meaning and scope of Political Geography; elements of Political Geography; basic principles and key concepts of the interactions between geographical space and political process; formation of states, the viability of states, national integration, colonialism and decolonization, nature and functions of boundaries; demarcation, territorial sovereignty, administrative institutions, and structures; introduction to conflicts, conflict resolution and international organizations and multinational organizations in geo-politics.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Geography of Gender and Development in Africa provides an in-depth examination of the intersections between gender, development, and geography within the African context. The course discusses the concept of gender and the dynamics of socio-economic change within the context of development. Specifically, it discusses the concept of gender as a development issue and examines the spatial variations of gender inequalities in societies. It also analyses gender and social relations in spatio-cultural and temporal perspectives with implications for promoting gender equality and sustainable development. Africa provides the basis for the course, though gendered aspects of development from other countries are used for comparative purposes. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Analyse the intersections of gender, development, and geography within the African context, addressing the unique experiences of women and men across the continent.

2. Evaluate the social, economic, and political factors that shape gender dynamics and influence development outcomes in African societies.

3. Examine the implications of gender roles, access to resources, and livelihood strategies on sustainable development in Africa.

4. Critically engage with theoretical frameworks, case studies, and empirical research to understand the complexities of gender and development in African societies.

Course content

The course will focus on the intersections of gender, development, and geography within the African context, with a focus on the diverse experiences of women and men across the continent. The social, economic, and political factors that shape gender dynamics and influence development outcomes in African societies, and its implications on gender roles, access to resources, and livelihood strategies will be discussed. Specific topics will include: The concept of gender and other related concepts, gender inequalities globally and particularly in African societies, the importance of addressing gender inequalities in particularly African societies and ways of engendering key development issues in African societies.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course in Remote Sensing is designed to introduce students to the collection of information about Earth and its resources using satellites, aircrafts and other space borne vehicles. It seeks to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of image interpretation techniques and geospatial analysis methods in the context of remote sensing applications as well as the fundamental principles and technologies of remote sensing and their significance in geographical and environmental studies. It also intends to equip students with the skills to acquire, process, and analyze remote sensing data for environmental monitoring, natural resource management, and urban planning applications. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental principles and technologies of remote sensing and their applications in geographical and environmental studies.

2. Apply remote sensing data acquisition, processing, and analysis techniques to address environmental monitoring, natural resource management, and urban planning challenges.

3. Utilize image interpretation techniques and geospatial analysis methods to extract meaningful information from remote sensing data for geographical and environmental applications.

4. Critically evaluate and apply remote sensing techniques to address real-world geographical and environmental challenges, demonstrating proficiency in problem-solving and analytical skills within the context of remote sensing applications.

Course content

The course covers a wide range of related topics which can be divided into three categories.  Category one covers the nature and properties of electromagnetic radiation and how it is affected by interactions with atmosphere and the Earth surface.  Category two covers the operational spaces borne sensors and their sensing capabilities. Category three focuses on methodologies developed to assist in the thematic extraction of information using a computer-based image processing system.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Regional Geography of West Africa with Special Reference to Ghana offers a thorough exploration of the geographical, cultural, and socio-economic landscapes of West Africa, with a specific focus on Ghana. It presents the geographical, cultural, and socio-economic dynamics of West Africa, with a specific focus on Ghana. It also looks at the impact of historical, environmental, and political factors on the development and challenges of Ghana within the context of the West African region. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the geographical, cultural, and human landscapes of West Africa, with a specific focus on Ghana.

2. Evaluate the historical, environmental, and political factors that have shaped Ghana's development and challenges within the West African region.

3. Apply geographical concepts and analytical frameworks to analyze urbanization, natural resource management, and demographic patterns within Ghana and its regional significance.

4. To engage critically with case studies and current research to develop a deep appreciation for the interconnectedness of Ghana's regional geography with the broader West African context.

Course content

The course highlights, describes and explains the main features of the physical landscape of West Africa and specifically Ghana. It also compares, contrasts, and discusses in detail the major economic activities of the West African region and Ghana in particular. It therefore analyses the historical evolution of the region, the physical, geographical and political characteristics of the sub-region paying particular attention to Ghana. The economic activities, transportation, population and settlement patterns are also discussed. It assists students to utilize critical thinking skills to engage with case studies and current research, developing a nuanced perspective on the interconnectedness of Ghana's regional geography with the broader West African context

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Research Design and Qualitative Methods for Geographers offers a comprehensive exploration of qualitative research methodologies and their application in geographical inquiry. The course seeks to help students develop their skills to be able to conceptualise, plan, design and execute social science research projects. Students will therefore be exposed to the debates, ethical considerations and epistemological issues surrounding the main social science research paradigms. Students will also be taught how to formulate research problems and choose appropriate methodology to investigate their research questions. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in designing and conducting qualitative research relevant to geographical inquiry.

2. Apply a range of qualitative data collection, analysis, and interpretation techniques to address geographical questions and challenges.

3. Discuss the ethical considerations and challenges associated with qualitative research in geography.

4. Critically evaluate and communicate qualitative research findings within the context of geographical studies, showcasing a nuanced understanding of the application of qualitative methods in geography.

Course content

The course will introduce students to the fundamental principles of qualitative research design and its relevance to geographical inquiry. It will equip students with the skills to plan and execute qualitative research, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation techniques. Specific topics will include qualitative research design, the ethical considerations, types of qualitative methods and their advantages and disadvantages, challenges associated with qualitative research in geography.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course introduces students to quantitative methods in Geography with the aim of providing the background skills necessary for statistical interpretations of geographic phenomena. It covers methods and models that have been developed for processing and analysing questionnaires. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Demonstrate proficiency in designing and executing quantitative studies relevant to geographical research.
2. Apply statistical analysis and visualization techniques to interpret and communicate geographical data effectively.
3. Utilize geographic information systems (GIS) and other quantitative tools to address geographical questions and challenges.
4. Critically evaluate and communicate quantitative research findings within the context of geographical studies, demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the application of quantitative methods in geography.

Course content

The course will provide students with a foundational understanding of quantitative research methods and their relevance to geographical inquiry. It will equip students with the skills to design and execute quantitative studies, including data collection, statistical analysis, and visualization techniques. Students will be introduced to the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and other quantitative tools in geographical research. Topics to be covered include statistical methods such as hypothesis testing, univariate statistics, bivariate statistics and multivariate statistics. Specifically, techniques including measures of central tendency, correlation and regression, chi-square tests, and skills in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) are covered. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course introduces students to the spatial variations in resource endowments and development in Africa with special reference to East Africa. The economic, social and political systems and development of the region are discussed with a focus on Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The course provides students with the opportunity to broaden their experiences of the key economic activities in the East African region and their roles in the region’s socio-economic development.  By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyse Africa’s physical and human geographies, history, political processes and cultures
2. Identify, describe and explain the main features of the physical landscape of East Africa
3. Compare, contrast, and discuss in detail the major economic activities of the East Africa region and their relationship to the socioeconomic development of countries within the regional, continental and global context.
4. Work around a regional geography problem and make a joint presentation of results/ideas/knowledge.

Course Content

The course focuses on the physical geographical background of the African continent, the human geographical characteristics of the African continent. Specifically, it highlights the key physical features (geology, relief, drainage, vegetation, soils and climate) of East Africa and also familiarise with their impact on economic development in the region. It also highlights the political systems in East Africa from pre-colonial era to present day. Contemporary issues such as population trends in the East African region and analysis of potential future growth patterns as well as key economic activities (agriculture, transportation, mining, tourism) in the East African region and their roles in the socio-economic development of countries are also discussed. Finally, it discusses the regional integration in East Africa, the basis for and associated challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

This course deals with the linkages between the use of natural resources, development and environmental problems. The man-environment relationships are analysed using case studies from Ghana and other parts of the world. The course provides students with the opportunity to broaden their experiences of resource use in the world. The course is expected to enable students to appreciate how to ensure sound environmental stewardship at the individual and society levels. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the concept of resources and explore worldwide distribution and uses of resources. 

2. Examine the role of natural resources in structural transformation of economies in sub-Saharan Africa. 

3. Explain the environmental and physical factors influencing the distribution of biodiversity in space and time, and the role of ecological disturbance and the theory of succession in tropical environments.

4. Explain the environmental impacts of natural resources extraction and how it can be mitigated. 

Course content

The course seeks to provide students with an understanding of the worldwide distribution and uses of resources, the role of natural and man-made environments, and the causes of environmental degradation. The course offers students the opportunity to understand the relationship between natural resources extraction and development. Students will gain an overview of factors that can enable natural resources to promote development or underdevelopment. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course is designed to introduce students to the analysis of world variations and distribution of soils and vegetation and the associated climates. It explains the processes of soil formation and outlines the features and agricultural potentials of different soil groups in Ghana. The course also deals with the environmental and physical factors influencing the distribution of biodiversity in space and time. The role of ecological disturbance and the theory of succession is also explained using examples in the tropical environment. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the interplay between soils, vegetation, and climates on a global scale, recognizing the complex relationships and dependencies that shape terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods.

2. Identify the processes of soil formation and differentiating the features and agricultural potentials of diverse soil groups, particularly within the context of Ghanaian environmental and agricultural landscapes.

3. Analyse and evaluate the environmental and physical factors that influence the distribution of biodiversity, gaining insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological diversity and the ecological implications for conservation and management.

4. Discuss the disturbance and the theory of succession, applying this knowledge to comprehend the mechanisms of ecological change and adaptation in tropical environments and their significance for ecosystem management and conservation efforts.

Course content

The course will introduce students to the analysis of global variations in soils, vegetation, and climates, providing an understanding of the interrelationships between these elements and their impact on ecosystems and human activities. It will highlight the processes of soil formation, delineate the characteristics and agricultural potentials of various soil groups in Ghana, and foster an appreciation for the significance of soil diversity in agricultural practices and land use planning. Emphasis will be placed on environmental and physical factors that influence the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity, highlighting the interconnectedness of ecological systems and the impact of environmental variables on biodiversity patterns. It will also discuss the role of ecological disturbance and the theory of succession, utilizing examples from tropical environments to illustrate the dynamics of ecological change and the mechanisms underlying ecosystem resilience and adaptation.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The advancement of digital technology has had a great influence on map production. Today, we have maps produced at cheaper and faster rates with greater flexibility with the computer than manual production. This course is designed to introduce students to the principles and methods of map making and equip them with the skills of producing quality and attractive maps with the aid of the computer. To achieve this, emphasis will be laid on cartographic information abstraction (i.e., generalisation processes) and map design/layouts. The course will include practical sessions, both manual and digital, on map making. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the impact of digital technology on map production, recognizing the advantages and flexibility of computer-aided map making over traditional manual methods.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing computer-aided design tools to produce high-quality, visually appealing maps, effectively applying cartographic information abstraction and layout design principles to create maps suited for various purposes.

3. Acquire practical skills in both manual and digital map making through hands-on sessions, enabling them to produce maps that meet industry standards and user requirements while understanding the generalization processes involved in map design.

4. Exhibit an understanding of the evolving landscape of map production, gaining the ability to adapt to technological advancements in map making and the capacity to produce maps that effectively communicate spatial information for diverse applications.

Course Content

The course will focus on the impact of digital technology on map production, highlighting the advantages of computer-aided map making over manual methods, and to provide an understanding of the principles and methods of map making in the digital age. Students will be equipped with the practical skills necessary to produce high-quality and visually appealing maps using computer-aided design tools, emphasizing cartographic information abstraction (generalization processes) and effective map design/layouts. It will also facilitate hands-on experience in both manual and digital map making, enabling students to develop proficiency in utilizing computer applications for map production while understanding the fundamental principles of cartography.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. There will also be practical sessions on data collection and map making.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course is designed to introduce students to the principles and methods of map interpretation/reading and equip them with the skills for interpreting features and extracting information from maps. To achieve this, emphasis will be laid on map interpretation and information extraction (i.e., making measurements) from the map. Thus, the course will include practical sessions on map interpretation and measurements. Students will acquire practical skills in map interpretation and measurements through hands-on sessions, enabling them to apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios in construction, engineering, project management, business, transportation, tourism, and other relevant fields. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the principles and methods of map interpretation, recognizing the relevance of spatial data in the context of different industries and professional domains.

2. Interpret and extract information from maps, employing measurement techniques to analyse spatial data effectively for decision-making and planning.

3. Exhibit proficiency in extracting and utilizing information from maps for decision-making and problem-solving in professional settings

4. Develop a multidisciplinary perspective on the applications of maps and spatial information, understanding how these tools can be utilized in diverse industries and professional contexts to address complex challenges and facilitate informed decision-making.

Course Content

The course highlights the principles and techniques of map interpretation and spatial data analysis, with emphasis on extracting, analyzing, and applying geographic information from topographic maps. It introduces students to key concepts in map reading, including scale, symbols, contours, orientation, and spatial relationships, as well as measurement techniques such as distance, area, and direction. The course further explores the relevance of spatial data across multiple sectors, demonstrating how map interpretation supports planning, navigation, decision-making, and problem-solving. Major highlights include: principles of map design and interpretation; spatial measurement techniques; map symbolization and contour analysis; and the application of map reading skills in diverse fields such as construction, transportation, tourism, and environmental management.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. There will also be practical sessions on map work.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course examines the processes and patterns in the Earth’s atmospheric system. Weather and climate affect our daily activities: transportation, commerce, agriculture, and nearly every aspect of our lives. The course will also examine how people impact the climate with a major aim of fostering a general understanding of science and the world around us and the fundamental basis of weather and climate. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental processes and patterns within the Earth's atmospheric system, emphasizing the impact of weather and climate on human activities and the environment.
2. Analyze the major components of atmospheric science, including radiation and energy transfer, atmospheric motion, and moisture, to comprehend their influence on weather and climate.
3. Discuss the global climate patterns and climate change, fostering an understanding of the interconnected nature of regional and global weather phenomena.
4. Apply knowledge of atmospheric science to comprehend the fundamental basis of weather, climate, and the impact of human activities on the environment, fostering a general understanding of science and its relevance to the world around us.
5. Foster a general understanding of science and the world around us, providing students with a fundamental basis for comprehending weather, climate, and the impact of human activities on the environment.

Course Content

The course highlights the major components of atmospheric science, including radiation and energy transfer, atmospheric motion, and moisture, to build a comprehensive understanding of weather and climate systems. It further examines global climate patterns, climate classification, and the dynamics of climate change, with attention to the human impact on atmospheric processes. Emphasis is placed on the spatial and temporal variability of weather and climate and their influence on human activities. Major highlights include: the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system; atmospheric circulation and weather formation processes; global climate zones; and the science and implications of climate change.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

The course focuses on geomorphological processes and landforms, the integrated nature of processes that lead to the formation of landforms and features on the environment. Knowledge of these geomorphological processes will enable students appreciate the nature of the land and analyze why certain landforms occur in some places. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the integrated nature of geomorphological processes and their role in shaping landforms and features in the environment.
2. Evaluate the internal and external geomorphic factors and processes, demonstrating the ability to identify, classify, describe, and analyze landforms on the Earth's surface.
3. Analyze the relevance of geomorphic studies to the environment and assess the impact of geomorphological processes on landscapes and ecosystems.
4. Apply knowledge of geomorphological processes to appreciate the nature of the land and analyze the spatial distribution of landforms, gaining insights into the reasons behind the occurrence of specific landforms in different geographical locations.

Course content

The course involves examining the internal and external geomorphic factors and processes, origin, classification, description and analysis of process and landforms of the earth, and the relevance of geomorphic studies to the environment.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. 

Credit Hours - 3

The course focuses on geographic thinking from as far back as Classical Greece times to present. It discusses the contradictions and shifting positions of the geographic perspective prior to the development of the scientific method. Emphasis will be placed on key figures in Geography's history; principal trends, concepts, models and paradigms; and Geography's place in academia and society. The course will enrich students’ knowledge on the nature of geographic inquiry from a historical perspective as well as central themes in the discipline of geography. By the end of the course students should be able to: 

1. Explain the historical development of geographic thinking, including key figures, influential trends, and significant concepts in the discipline.
2. Critically analyze the contradictions and shifting positions of geographic perspectives prior to the development of the scientific method, and their implications for the evolution of geographical thought.
3. Evaluate the principal trends, concepts, models, and paradigms that have shaped geographic thinking, demonstrating an understanding of their significance and impact.
4. Assess the role of geography in academia and society, recognizing its influence on the understanding of the Earth's landscapes and environments from a historical perspective.

Course content

The course seeks to trace the historical development of geographic thinking from Classical Greece to the present, highlighting key figures and influential trends in the discipline. It also analyzes the contradictions and shifting positions of geographic perspectives prior to the development of the scientific method, and their impact on the evolution of geographical thought. Specific topics include the geographical subject matter, how geographers seek to tackle it and how it all began, the contributions of Greeks, Romans, Christians and Moslems, the age of discovery and its Impact on Geographical Thought and the thrust of modern geographical thinking including the concept of regions, environmental determinism and possibilism. 

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Physical geography is the study of the Earth's physical characteristics, including its landforms, climate, and natural processes. It also examines the interactions between human activity and the environment, as well as the spatial relationships between people and their surroundings. The course builds on previous knowledge in Physical Geography acquired by students at the senior high school level. By the end of the course students should be able to:

1. Evaluate the interconnectedness of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric systems and their influence on Earth's climates and landscapes.
2. Apply critical and creative thinking skills to analyze and interpret the Earth's interior, tectonic plates, and atmospheric processes.
3. Introduce students to terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric systems within the context of Physical Geography.
4. Synthesize knowledge gained to explain the complex interactions between terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric systems in shaping the Earth's physical environment.
5. Demonstrate an advanced understanding of Physical Geography concepts beyond the senior high school level.

Course content

The course seeks to build upon students' prior knowledge of Physical Geography acquired at the senior high school level. The purpose of the course is to engage students in a way that promotes critical and creative thinking with regards to the Earth’s interior, tectonic plates, the Earth as a system, and atmospheric processes. Students will not only be introduced to terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric systems, but also will delve into understanding how these systems interact with one another to produce the climates and landscapes we see today on Earth. This field encompasses a broad range of topics, such as the Earth's interior, tectonic plates, atmospheric processes, and the interconnected systems that shape the planet's climates and landscapes.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

This course serves as a foundational stepping stone for further exploration in the field of geography and related disciplines. It provides students with a holistic understanding of Human Geography, allowing them to appreciate the significance of spatial relationships and the interconnectedness of human activities on a global scale. It seeks to highlight the foundational concepts and approaches in Human Geography and the dominant themes of Human Geography. By the end of the course students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental concepts and approaches in Human Geography.
2. Analyze and evaluate the complex relationship between humans and their environment as studied in Human Geography.
3. Identify and discuss key themes within the field of Human Geography.
4. Apply knowledge gained to analyze real-world examples from global and African contexts within the realm of Human Geography.

Course Content

Human geography is a division of geography that investigates the connection between humans and their surroundings, focusing on the spatial arrangement of different occurrences and how human actions influence and are influenced by the physical environment. This area of study covers a broad array of subjects, such as population trends, cultural environments, urban expansion, financial progress, geopolitical geography, and societal concerns. Students also familiarize themselves with the dominant themes of Human Geography.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and individual student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

• LEVEL 100     

FIRST SEMESTER

Humanities/Education Required Course (HERC) 

UGRC 110: Academic Writing, I 

UGRC 150: Critical Thinking and Practical Reasoning

GEOD 101: Introduction to Human Geography

 SECOND SEMESTER

Humanities/Education Required Course (HERC)

UGRC 110: Academic Writing, I

UGRC 150: Critical Thinking and Practical Reasoning

GEOD 102: Introduction to Physical Geography

•  LEVEL 200

FIRST SEMESTER

UGRC 210: Academic Writing II

UGRC 220-238: Introduction to African Studies

GEOD 201: Introduction to Geographic Thought

GEOD 203: Weather and Climate

GEOD 205: Computer Assisted Cartography

 SECOND SEMESTER

UGRC 210: Academic Writing II

UGRC 220-238: Introduction to African Studies

GEOD 202: Geomorphological Processes and Landforms

GEOD 204: Introduction to Map Reading and Analysis

• LEVEL 300 

FIRST SEMESTER CORE COURSES

GEOD 301: Soils and Biogeography 

GEOD 303: Regional Geography of Africa (One region outside West Africa)

GEOD 305: Research Design and Qualitative Methods for Geographers

FIRST SEMESTER ELECTIVE COURSES

GEOD 307: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

GEOD 309: Political Geography 

GEOD 311: Geography of Migration

GEOD 313: Historical Geography of Africa

GEOD 315: Geography of Globalisation

SECOND SEMESTER CORE COURSES

GEOD 302: Introduction to Resource Analysis

GEOD 304: Quantitative Research Methods for Geographers

GEOD 306: Regional Geography of West Africa with Special Reference to Ghana

SECOND SEMESTER ELECTIVE COURSES

GEOD 308: Geography of Gender and Development in Africa

GEOD 312: Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems

GEOD 314: Climatology

GEOD 316: Environmental Sustainability 

GEOD 318: Geopolitics of Africa

• LEVEL 400

FIRST SEMESTER CORE COURSES   

GEOD 401: Regional Development

GEOD 403: The Extractive Industry and Development

GEOD 405: Spatial Analysis 

FIRST SEMESTER ELECTIVE COURSES

GEOD 407: Rural Resources Development: Theories, Concepts and Policies

GEOD 409: Population Studies

GEOD 411: Geography of Transport Systems

GEOD 413: Tropical Geomorphology

GEOD 415: Cities in the Global South

GEOD 417: Medical Geography

GEOD 419: Theories and Policies of Agricultural Change in Developing Countries

GEOD 421: Geography of Tourism

GEOD 423: Environmental Ecology

GEOD 425: Climatic Change: Arid and Semi-Arid Lands

GEOD 427: Pedology

GEOD 429: Industrial Location Theory and Practice

GEOD 431: Hydrology and Water Management

GEOD 433: Introduction to Disaster Risk Science

GEOD 435: Remote Sensing Applications

SECOND SEMESTER CORE COURSES

GEOD 400: LONG ESSAY

GEOD 402: Techniques of Regional Science

GEOD 404: Theory and Practice of Planning

SECOND SEMESTER ELECTIVE COURSES

GEOD 406: Skills for Rural Development Practitioners

GEOD 408: Population and Development

GEOD 412: Transport and the Space Economy

GEOD 414: Applied Geomorphology

GEOD 416: Urban Management Challenges in the Global South

GEOD 418: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Health and Development

GEOD 422: Agricultural Systems in the Developing World 

GEOD 424: Tourism Development in the Third World

GEOD 426: Tropical Biogeography

GEOD 428: Climate and Society

GEOD 432: Soil Survey

GEOD 434: Industrialisation in the Developing World

GEOD 436: Environmental Hydrology

GEOD 438: Strategies for Disaster Risk Reduction

GEOD 442: Geography of Gender and Development in the Global South

GEOD 444: WebGIS: Technologies and Applications

GEOD 446: Spatial Statistics