Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course is meant to introduce students to the exciting world of spatial statistics with the aim of providing students with the background necessary for geographic investigation and statistical representation of geographic events. It will teach methods and models that have been developed for spatial statistics and patterns recognition and analyse spatial patterns and relationships using statistical tools, including point pattern analysis, spatial clustering, and hotspot identification, to understand the distribution of spatial phenomena. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply the principles and techniques of spatial statistics, including spatial autocorrelation, spatial interpolation, and spatial regression models, to analyze spatial data effectively.
2. Analyze spatial patterns and relationships using statistical tools, including point pattern analysis, spatial clustering, and hotspot identification, to understand the distribution of spatial phenomena.
3. Utilize spatial regression models for analyzing relationships between spatial variables and addressing spatial research questions in various domains.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of spatial statistical methods in different spatial analysis and research scenarios, critically evaluating the effectiveness of spatial statistical techniques.

Course content

Main topics to be covered include Distribution descriptors: one variable (univariate), relationships descriptors: two variables (bivariate); Hypothesis testers and neighbourhood statistics; Point pattern descriptors; Point pattern analysers, spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression, multi-criterial decision making and density estimation. Others include methods for representing geographic data and geovisualization.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

This course teaches students to use cloud and server GIS resources to solve problems for which geospatial data is an integral element. The course teaches students to set up cloud services for creating maps, cloud services for managing spatial data, and cloud services for processing spatial data. The course also introduces students to the basic concepts of GIS web application development using HTML5 technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, JSON, XML, etc. The course challenges students to exercise the critical thinking and technical skills needed to evaluate and develop successful cloud GIS projects. Practical experience with programming spatial data will be given. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the principles and functionalities of WebGIS, including geospatial data management, web mapping, and web-based geospatial technologies.
2. Apply tools and techniques for geospatial data analysis and visualization using WebGIS, including spatial queries, geoprocessing, and the creation of interactive web maps for decision-making.
3. Utilize WebGIS for a range of applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and location-based services, to address spatial challenges effectively.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of WebGIS in different spatial analysis and mapping scenarios, critically evaluating the effectiveness of WebGIS technologies.

Course content

The course focuses on the principles and functionalities of WebGIS, including geospatial data management, web mapping, and the integration of geospatial technologies with web-based platforms, the tools and techniques for geospatial data analysis and visualization using WebGIS, including spatial queries, geoprocessing, and the creation of interactive web maps for decision-making, utilizing WebGIS for a range of applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and location-based services, to address spatial challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

Across space, time and cultural contexts, gender has been, and remains, one of the central organizing principles of social life. This course builds on the introduction to the geography of gender and gender relations in the African society. It aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dimensions of gender inequality, women's empowerment, and the intersection of gender and development in the Global South as well as the complexities of gender and development in the Global South, critically evaluating the effectiveness of development interventions on gender equality and women's rights. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the spatial dimensions of gender inequality, women's empowerment, and the intersection of gender and development in the Global South.
2. Evaluate the impact of development policies, including urbanization, rural development, and environmental management, on gender dynamics and women's livelihoods in the Global South.
3. Assess strategies for promoting women's empowerment within diverse geographical contexts, including access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political participation.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the complexities of gender and development in the Global South, critically evaluating the effectiveness of development interventions on gender equality and women's rights.

Course content

The course will focus on the impact of development policies, including urbanization, rural development, and environmental management, on gender dynamics and women's livelihoods in the Global South. We will explore how gender differences are created, maintained, transformed, and represented on the individual, and across space and time in the global south, strategies for promoting women's empowerment, including access to education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political participation, within diverse geographical contexts Also, on how notions of gender produce observable patterns of constraints and opportunities, which in turn differentially shape women’s and men’s day-to-day experiences and their access to valuable societal resources within the context of development will be discussed. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course builds on the first semester course on theories and methods for Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction (IDRR) by expanding the discussions to include relevant legislations, policies and programmes for dealing with environmental hazards. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the principles and frameworks of disaster risk reduction, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience.
2. Evaluate a variety of disaster risk reduction strategies, such as preparedness, early warning systems, infrastructure resilience, and community-based approaches, to address the complexity of disaster risk challenges.
3. Assess policy frameworks and governance structures for disaster risk reduction at local, national, and international levels, demonstrating an understanding of the role of stakeholders, institutions, and international cooperation.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk reduction strategies in different hazard-prone regions, critically evaluating their effectiveness.

Course Content

The main topics to be covered include global and local institutional frameworks for IDRR, as well as methods and tools for vulnerability assessment in urban communities, policy frameworks and governance structures for disaster risk reduction at local, national, and international levels, considering the role of stakeholders, institutions, and international cooperation, disaster risk reduction strategies, such as preparedness, early warning systems, infrastructure resilience, and community-based approaches, to address the complexity of disaster risk challenges. The discussions and class interactions will explore best practices and options drawing from global experiences for the design of national and local strategies in Ghana.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives: 

The course focuses on the impact of hydrological processes on the environment. It includes the following areas: flooding, erosion and sediments, urban drainage, wetlands, water supply and sanitation, drought and drought management, water and environmental remediation. The course will help students to understand the effects that components of hydrological processes have on environment and vice versa. Assist students to identify environmental compartments in which hydrological processes occur; describe various forms of hydrological processes; and discuss the impact of environment on hydrological process and the hydrological process on environment. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental principles of hydrology, including the movement, distribution, and quality of water in the environment, and the interactions between hydrological processes and the environment.
2. Analyze the challenges and strategies of water resource management, including surface water and groundwater systems, water quality, and the impact of climate change and urbanization on hydrological systems.
3. Assess the impact of human activities on hydrological systems, including water pollution, land use changes, and infrastructure development, and evaluate the implications for environmental sustainability and water security.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of environmental hydrology in water resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development, critically evaluating its role in addressing water-related challenges.

Course Content

The focus will be on the fundamental principles of hydrology, including the movement, distribution, and quality of water in the environment, and the interactions between hydrological processes and the environment, the challenges and strategies of water resource management, including surface water and groundwater systems, water quality, and the impact of climate change and urbanization on hydrological systems, the impact of human activities on hydrological systems, including water pollution, land use changes, and infrastructure development, and evaluate the implications for environmental sustainability and water security. Case studies and real-world examples will be used to comprehend the practical applications of environmental hydrology in water resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is designed for students to learn methods and techniques used in multispectral satellite remote sensing of the earth. Students admitted to this course ought to have taken GEOD 307 which is a preparatory course in remote sensing. The main emphasis of this course is to build on physical principles and strengthen capabilities in image analysis and interpretation. Students will be introduced to the principles and methodologies of remote sensing, including sensor technologies, data acquisition, and image interpretation techniques. Case studies and real-world examples will be used to comprehend the practical applications of remote sensing in environmental research, resource management, and policy development. By the end of the course, students will be expected to:

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the principles and methodologies of remote sensing, including sensor technologies, data acquisition, and image interpretation techniques.
2. Apply remote sensing techniques to analyze environmental applications such as land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, climate analysis, and disaster assessment to address environmental challenges.
3. Utilize remote sensing data for environmental assessments and decision-making, including image processing, spatial analysis, and integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of remote sensing in environmental research, resource management, and policy development, critically evaluating its effectiveness.

Course content

The course will focus on the diverse environmental applications of remote sensing, including land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, climate analysis, and disaster assessment, to address environmental challenges. The key topics include imaging principles, satellite systems and their configuration and image pre-processing. Others include thematic application areas of earth resources analysis such as vegetation indices, land use and land cover change, surface heat, degradation mapping, accuracy assessment and validation.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course is meant to introduce students to the process of industrialization in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It will assess the implications of industrialization for urbanization, social transformation, and the environment in developing countries, including the challenges and opportunities associated with rapid industrial growth. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the historical and contemporary dynamics of industrialization in developing countries, considering the role of technology, globalization, and policy frameworks.
2. Analyse the economic implications of industrialization, including its impact on economic development, employment, income distribution, and trade patterns in developing economies.
3. Assess the implications of industrialization for urbanization, social transformation, and the environment in developing countries, demonstrating an understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with rapid industrial growth.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the diverse experiences of industrialization in different developing regions and to critically evaluate the socio-economic impacts of industrial growth.

Course content

The course covers several issues in industrialization in developing countries: the relevance of some of the economic development theories as well as other theoretical perspectives for industrialization in developing countries; the key strategies for industrialization in developing countries; globalisation and its effects on the industrialization processes of the developing world; and the industrial development policies and experiences of selected African countries including Ghana. It will also explore the historical and contemporary dynamics of industrialization in developing countries, considering the role of technology, globalization, and policy frameworks in shaping industrial growth. The course will also involve fieldwork by students.

Mode of Delivery

The course will be delivered mainly in the form of interactive lectures. Students will undertake field project work outside of lecture periods. During the final week of the semester, students will present the results of their project work. The presentations will be graded and that will constitute 30 per cent of the final marks for the course.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is intended to introduce students to the theories and analytical methods for integrated disaster risk reduction (IDRR) in Ghana especially and Africa in general. It will enable students acquire a deeper understanding of concepts in integrated environmental health (IEH) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), as well as help them develop adequate awareness and preparedness in Ghana. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the scientific principles underlying disaster risk, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience.
2. Integrate perspectives from earth sciences, social sciences, engineering, and public policy to address complex risk challenges, demonstrating an understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of disaster risk science.
3. Propose strategies for disaster risk reduction and management, including early warning systems, community-based approaches, and policy interventions aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk science in different hazard-prone regions, critically evaluating the effectiveness of risk reduction measures.

Course content

The course will focus on the scientific principles underpinning disaster risk, including the assessment of hazards, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience. It will analyze the interdisciplinary nature of disaster risk science, incorporating perspectives from earth sciences, social sciences, engineering, and public policy to address complex risk challenges. It will also discuss the strategies for disaster risk reduction and management, including early warning systems, community-based approaches, and policy interventions aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability. Case studies and real-world examples to comprehend the practical applications of disaster risk science in different hazard-prone regions and to assess the effectiveness of risk reduction measures, will be used.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives: 

The course is intended to equip students with a fundamental knowledge of soil survey and its relevance to agricultural development in Ghana. It examines the methods and techniques used in soil surveying, including soil sampling, description, and classification, and the use of technology in soil mapping. Students will be equipped with in-depth knowledge and understanding of the characteristics, distribution and agronomic values of the various soils. The course covers the major types of soil survey: i.e., reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed surveys. The contents include description of the various methods used in each soil survey type in Ghana and the practical applicability of the methods. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply methods and techniques used in soil surveying, including soil sampling, description, classification, and technology-assisted soil mapping.
2. Interpret soil properties and their significance for land use planning, agriculture, and environmental management, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of their implications for soil conservation and sustainable land use.
3. Analyze the relationships between soils and the natural environment, demonstrating an understanding of the influence of soil properties on ecosystem dynamics.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to understand the practical applications of soil surveying in land management and environmental conservation, critically evaluating its role in sustainable practices.

Course content

The course covers the major types of soil survey in Ghana: i.e., reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed surveys. It interprets soil properties and their significance for land use planning, agriculture, and environmental management, considering the implications for soil conservation and sustainable land use. The contents include description of the various methods used in each soil survey type in Ghana and the practical applicability of each of the methods. It also covers soil classifications systems as used in Ghana including in-depth discussions of the various Soil Orders and Sub-Orders. Practical work includes identification and description of master soil horizons in a profile pit.

Mode of Delivery

Mode of delivery consists of face-to-face lectures, field trips and laboratory exercises. Lecture notes will be given in the form of power point presentation in addition to the required reading materials. Student presentations will form a key part of the course. Students are expected to come to class prepared therefore they are encouraged to read any assigned material prior to lecture session. Students are also encouraged to read any additional relevant materials.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

Land is the true of wealth of every nation. It is from these assets that the provision of food, water, wood, fibre and industrial products, and essential ecosystem services and functions are derived. However, African land and water resources in some areas are seriously threatened through overuse although per capita availability is one of the highest in the world. This is a direct result of the increasing needs of a growing population and combined, often, with inappropriate land management practices. Sustainable land and water management is a course, with the potential of making very significant differences in the near future. The course seeks to explore the complex interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, including surface water and groundwater, and assess the impact of human activities on water availability and quality. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes.
2. Evaluate the interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, considering the impact of human activities on water availability and quality.
3. Propose sustainable water management strategies, such as watershed management, water conservation, and integrated water resource management, to address water-related challenges.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehend the practical applications of hydrology and water management in different environmental and societal contexts, critically evaluating their effectiveness.

Course content

The course will focus on the fundamental principles of hydrology including the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes, the interplay of natural and human-influenced water resource systems, considering the impact of human activities on water availability and quality, sustainable water management strategies, such as watershed management, water conservation, and integrated water resource management, to address water-related challenges.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

This course introduces students to the main factors and theories of the location of manufacturing industries and to develop their skills in analysing the location of enterprises devoted to processing raw materials and semi-processed goods and thereby add value to them. Students will be introduced to key perspectives on manufacturing geography, the main factors influencing location of manufacturing firms, the various approaches to the theories of industrial location and the works of the various contributors to these theories, as well as the relationship between the theories of industrial location and location in practice. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theoretical frameworks underpinning industrial location decisions, including spatial economics, agglomeration theory, and location models.
2. Analyse the practical considerations that influence industrial location decisions, including economic, geographical, and infrastructural factors, and the impact of globalization on industrial geography.
3. Assess the impact of technological advancements on industrial location patterns, considering the influence of digital technologies on industrial practices and spatial distribution.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to understand the application of industrial location theory in different economic and geographical contexts, and to critically evaluate the effectiveness of location decisions.

Course content

The course will focus on the theoretical frameworks that underpin industrial location decisions, including spatial economics, agglomeration theory, and location models. Other areas to be covered include the practical considerations that influence industrial location decisions, including economic, geographical, and infrastructural factors, and the impact of globalization on industrial geography, the impact of technological advancements on industrial location patterns, considering the rise of digital technologies and their influence on industrial practices and spatial distribution. Students will engage with case studies and real-world examples to understand the application of industrial location theory in different economic and geographical contexts, and to assess the effectiveness of location decisions.

Mode of Delivery

The course will be delivered mainly in the form of interactive lectures. Students will undertake field project work outside of lecture periods. During the final week of the semester, students will present the results of their project work. The presentations will be graded and that will constitute 30 per cent of the final marks for the course.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course critically examines the links between climatic processes and human activities. It investigates the physical nature of Earth’s climate and its variability across space and time and applies this to patterns of human activities. It explores ways in which climate influences human activities and how climate is also modified by humans intentionally and inadvertently by using relevant empirical case studies. Critical assessment of future scenarios of climate change and their impacts on human activities is also investigated. The overall objective of this course is to improve students’ scientific knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of links between climate and human society. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Analyze and interpret the ways in which climate patterns influence and interact with human societies, including the social, economic, and political implications of climate change.
2. Evaluate the adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by communities and nations in response to climate change, considering their effectiveness and ethical implications.
3. Propose frameworks for addressing climate-related challenges, considering the ethical and policy dimensions of climate-society interactions.
4. Apply knowledge gained from the course to comprehensively assess the multifaceted impacts of climate change on different societies and to critically evaluate adaptive and mitigative measures.

Course content

The course focuses on ways in which climate patterns influence and interact with human societies, including the social, economic, and political implications of climate change. It will discuss the adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by communities and nations in response to climate change and evaluate their effectiveness. It will also discuss existing policies and proposing frameworks for addressing climate-related challenges. Case studies and real-world examples will be discussed to highlight the multifaceted impacts of climate change on different societies and to assess the effectiveness of various adaptive and mitigative measures.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

The course aims to provide students with a deeper understanding of the formation of soils, including the influence of geological, biological, and climatic factors on soil development. Students will explore the role of soils in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and environmental sustainability, while evaluating the implications of soil management practices for land use and conservation. The course content is structured to sharpen students’ analytical skills as it provides them with practical skills in soil analysis and interpretation, including the assessment of soil properties and their significance for various land management applications. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply advanced knowledge of the formation of soils, considering the interplay of geological, biological, and climatic factors in soil development.
2. Evaluate the role of soils in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and environmental sustainability, and assess the implications of soil management practices for land use and conservation.
3. Demonstrate in-depth understanding and interpretation of soil analysis, including the assessment of soil properties and their significance for various land management applications.
4. Illustrate the practical applications of pedological principles through the analysis of case studies and real-world examples in different environmental contexts.

Course content

The course focuses on discussion of the components, functions and properties of soil. It provides a basic understanding of soil formation and inorganic constituents of the soil including parent materials and how these materials disintegrate to form soils. It further discusses soil texture and how it affects pore space and the ability of the soil to retain water and air. Soil organic matter and the influence of vegetation on soils is also discussed. The course also discusses soil erosion, its effects and control measures. Also, concepts such as soil quality and soil health, and how they are affected by soil management practices are thoroughly discussed.

Mode of Delivery

Mode of delivery consist of classroom lectures and laboratory exercises. The class format consists of lectures of two hours per week. Lecture notes will be given in the form of power point presentation in addition to the required reading materials. Students are expected to come to class prepared therefore they are encouraged to read course assigned materials prior to lecture sessions. Students are also encouraged to read any additional relevant materials.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course introduces students to the fundamental principles of tropical biogeography, including the factors influencing species distribution and diversity in tropical regions. It investigates the ecological and evolutionary processes that contribute to the unique characteristics of tropical ecosystems, including adaptation, speciation, and community dynamics as well as the impact of human activities on tropical biogeography, evaluate conservation strategies for preserving tropical biodiversity, and analyze case studies and research findings related to tropical biogeography. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Showcase a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing species distribution and diversity in tropical regions.
2. Critically evaluate the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape the unique characteristics of tropical ecosystems.
3. Propose effective conservation strategies for preserving tropical biodiversity and critically assess the impact of human activities on tropical biogeography.
4. Analyze and interpret case studies and research findings related to tropical biogeography to develop informed perspectives on the subject.

Course content

The course explores the geographic patterns of plant and animal species in space and time and examines the abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors as determinant of contemporary patterns of species distribution in the tropical world. The broad biophysical properties of the tropical environment are highlighted, drawing on some concepts from environmental ecology and biogeography. Also studied are the physio-chemical characteristics of tropical aquatic environments and the associated flora and fauna, with particular emphasis on adaptations. Students will undertake field trips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and description of field data.

Mode of Delivery

Course delivery will combine lectures, group presentations and field visits. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Climatic change is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. This course is offered at a time when key facts about climate change itself are on firm grounds. Warming is unequivocal. There is very high confidence that the bulk (>90% of radiative forcing) of this warming is caused by human action. Using examples from the most vulnerable arid and semi-arid lands, this course examines the physical phenomena observed in the Earth’s climate, providing sufficient scientific and technical background to enable students to critically examine arguments being discussed by policy makers and the public at large. The course draws on examples from Arid and Semi-Arid lands to explain the impacts and adaptation to climate change. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Describe the characteristics and features of arid and semi-arid lands, including their distinctive ecosystems and environmental challenges.
2. Evaluate the impact of climate change on arid and semi-arid regions, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and ecological systems.
3. Analyze the erosional processes and distinctive landforms in arid and semi-arid regions, including the role of water and wind-driven processes.
4. Assess the implications of climatic change on arid and semi-arid regions for human populations, including water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods.

Course content

The focus of the course will be on the characteristics and features of arid and semi-arid lands, including their unique ecosystems and environmental challenges, the impact of climate change on arid and semi-arid regions, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and ecological systems, the erosional processes and distinctive landforms in arid and semi-arid regions, including the role of water and wind-driven processes and  the implications of climatic change on arid and semi-arid regions for human populations, including water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course introduces students to the various theories and case studies that underpin tourism development in developing countries using Ghana as the reference point. It offers students the opportunity to understand why tourism has become an important development option in developing countries; describe some of the development paradigms and theories associated with tourism in these countries; examine Ghana’s tourism resources and the attempts made at tourism development at the national and community levels; and assess the status of tourism in some major tourism destinations in developing countries. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Assess the economic impact of tourism on the development of Third World countries.
2. Analyze the social and environmental implications of tourism development in the Third World.
3. Identify and evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with tourism development in Third World countries.
4. Develop strategies for promoting sustainable and responsible tourism practices in the context of Third World countries.

Course Content

The course will explore the economic significance of tourism in the third world and its potential as a tool for economic development, the social and environmental implications of tourism development in third world countries, the challenges and opportunities associated with tourism development in the third world, including issues of sustainability and responsible tourism practices; and the strategies and best practices for promoting sustainable and responsible tourism development in third world countries.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course examines the ecological principles and processes governing ecosystems, emphasizing the interrelationships between organisms and their environment. It introduces students to the impacts of human activities on natural environments, addressing issues such as biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and habitat fragmentation. The complexities of environmental ecology are   examined, fostering a comprehensive understanding of conservation, restoration, and the application of ecological principles to environmental management. Students’ field visits are essential to provide local illustrations. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the ecological principles and processes governing ecosystems, emphasizing the interrelationships between organisms and their environment.
2. Evaluate the impacts of human activities on natural environments, addressing issues such as biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and habitat fragmentation with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically analyse the complexities of environmental ecology, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary environmental challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying ecological concepts to real-world environmental ecology scenarios, demonstrating competency in environmental ecology research and analysis.

Course Content

Specific topics:  basic concepts and principles of ecology and discuss ecosystem dynamics in respect of energy and nutrient circulation in ecosystems.  Ecosystem productivity, services and resources are also discussed including concerns on problems of environmental degradation and pollution from ecological perspectives.  Also treated are drivers of environmental degradation and approaches to studying ecological populations and communities.

Mode of Delivery

Course delivery will combine lectures, group presentations and field visits. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

The course focuses on agricultural land use systems with special reference to their relative sustainability, effects upon the physical environment and efficiency in food production in the developing world most especially sub-Saharan Africa. This course delves into the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production, including smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues. Students will critically analyze the complexities of agricultural systems in the developing world. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the diverse agricultural systems and practices in developing countries, emphasizing the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production.
2. Evaluate the challenges and opportunities related to smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues in the developing world, fostering a nuanced perspective on agricultural systems in developing countries.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of agricultural systems in the developing world, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary agricultural challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding and addressing real-world agricultural challenges prevalent in the developing world, demonstrating competency in agricultural systems research and analysis.

Course Content

Students will examine the diverse agricultural systems and practices in developing countries, emphasizing the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping agricultural production Specific topics such as sustainable intensification, climate change impacts, and the role of technology in agricultural development, the challenges and opportunities related to smallholder farming, agroecology, and food security issues in the developing world.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to some of the theories and empirics in Leisure, Recreation and Tourism (LRT) studies. It will examine the interrelationships between geography and tourism, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dynamics and impacts of tourism activities emphasizing destination planning and cultural landscapes. The impacts of tourism on local communities and the environment, addressing issues such as sustainable tourism practices and the management of tourist destinations. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial dimensions and geographical factors influencing tourism development, emphasizing destination planning and cultural landscapes.
2. Evaluate the impacts of tourism on local communities and the environment, addressing issues such as sustainable tourism practices and the management of tourist destinations with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically examine the interrelationships between geography and tourism, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary tourism development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying geographical concepts to real-world tourism development scenarios, demonstrating competency in tourism geography research and analysis.

Course content

The specific topics to be covered in the course include: distinguishing among leisure, recreation and tourism and relate them to everyday lives; the subject matter of tourism, its structure and history; the concepts of tourism motivation and tourism typologies; characterization of tourism destinations and relating them to the concepts of carrying capacity and Area Life Cycle; major sectors in the industry and explain their interconnectedness; the physical/environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism. Case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying geographical concepts to real-world tourism development scenarios will be used.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course will introduce students to the theoretical frameworks and historical evolution of agricultural systems in developing countries, emphasizing the impact of globalization on agricultural change. It critically analyze the complexities of agricultural change in developing countries, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in agricultural development. Students will evaluate policy interventions and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural development, addressing issues such as land reform, market integration, and the role of technology in agricultural transformation. Case studies and practical exercises will be used in order for students to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world agricultural development scenarios. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the theoretical frameworks and historical evolution of agricultural systems in developing countries, emphasizing the impact of globalization on agricultural change.
2. Evaluate policy interventions and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural development, addressing issues such as land reform, market integration, and the role of technology in agricultural transformation with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of agricultural change in developing countries, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary agricultural development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world agricultural development scenarios, demonstrating competency in agricultural development research and analysis.

Course Content

The course will introduce general agricultural land use theories and policies and definitions of basic terms/concepts. Other topics include problems and issues in agricultural land use and management, factors and basic ideas of agricultural land use, change/evolution of agricultural landscapes, including agriculture-environment-development interrelationships, ideas of Malthus, Boserup and others on the relationship, between population and agricultural land use. Students  will also explore the significance of these ideas for the development process, concept and measurement of carrying capacity of land, theoretical optimization models of agricultural land use an overview of global agricultural land use policies and agricultural land use policies in Ghana.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. 

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives:

The course focuses on the improvement of health levels through the instrument of development. Thus, the interrelationships among health, population and socio-economic development are examined with examples drawn from both developed and developing countries with particular emphasis on Africa. To explore the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions between health outcomes and development indicators, emphasizing the application of spatial and temporal analytical techniques. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions between health outcomes and development indicators, emphasizing the application of spatial and temporal analytical techniques.
2. Apply spatio-temporal analysis to understand the distribution of health-related events, population dynamics, and the impact of development processes on health outcomes, fostering a nuanced perspective on health and development dynamics.
3. Critically examine disease surveillance, demographic transitions, and the spatial dimensions of development interventions, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary health and development challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying spatio-temporal analysis techniques to health and development research and analysis, demonstrating competency in spatio-temporal analysis research and application.

Course content

Topics to be discuss will provide an understanding of the linkages between human health and development, examine a wide array of determinants of health in developing countries and identify the most effective ways to improve human health in developing countries. Specific topics will include the distribution of health-related events, population dynamics, and the impact of development processes on health outcomes, disease surveillance, demographic transitions, and the spatial dimensions of development interventions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

Medical Geography uses the concepts and techniques of the discipline of Geography to investigate health-related issues. Subjects are viewed in holistic terms within a variety of cultural systems and a diverse biosphere. Drawing freely from the facts, concepts, and techniques of other social, physical, and biological sciences, Medical Geography is an integrative sub-discipline that has room within its broad scope for a wide range of specialist contributions. Medical Geography has two main sub-divisions: disease ecology tradition and the health service tradition. This course focuses on the disease ecology tradition. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the spatial patterns and distribution of health and disease, emphasizing the geographical factors influencing health outcomes.
2. Evaluate the determinants of health, including access to healthcare, environmental influences, and the impact of urban and rural settings on public health, fostering a nuanced perspective on medical geography.
3. Critically examine disease diffusion and environmental health disparities, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary public health challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying geographic information systems (GIS) in health research and analysis, demonstrating competency in medical geography research and analysis.

Course Content

The course will focus on the spatial patterns and distribution of health and disease, emphasizing the geographical factors influencing health outcomes. It will discuss the determinants of health, including access to healthcare, environmental influences, and the impact of urban and rural settings on public health. It will also critically examine disease diffusion and environmental health disparities, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the intersection of geography and health. Practical exercises and case studies will be used for students to gain proficiency in applying geographic information systems (GIS) in health research and analysis.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course focuses on city systems, rural-urban linkages, regional economic role of cities and problems of urban management.  The relevance of the themes for urban and regional planning is underscored. This course aims at providing an understanding of the role of cities in the economies of developing countries. It further looks at the problems associated with such development and outlines possible strategies for proper urban management. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the complex urban management issues and governance challenges faced by cities in the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban governance and service delivery.
2. Critically analyze the informal economies and spatial inequalities prevalent in urban environments of the Global South, addressing issues such as slum redevelopment and infrastructure provision with a nuanced perspective.
3. Examine the environmental sustainability challenges and community participation in urban decision-making, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary urban management challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding the urban management challenges specific to cities in the Global South, demonstrating competency in urban management research and analysis.

Course content

The course will focus on the complex urban management issues and governance challenges faced by cities in the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban governance and service delivery. It will critically analyze the informal economies and spatial inequalities prevalent in urban environments of the Global South, addressing issues such as slum redevelopment and infrastructure provision. It will also examine the environmental sustainability challenges and community participation in urban decision-making, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the unique urban management dynamics in this context. Case studies and practical exercises will be used to explain the urban management challenges specific to cities in the Global South. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. Students will undertake fieldtrips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and discussion of field data.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course is designed to give students competent knowledge of the broad patterns and dynamics of world urbanization. It analyses the internal spatial organization of cities with special reference to land use analyses and how the urban economy ticks. The course employs a cross-sectional approach in the discussion of these major themes. It seeks to identify major differences and similarities of the urban experience between the Global North and South and highlights the relevance of the themes in urban planning. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the urbanization processes, challenges, and opportunities in the cities of the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban growth and informal settlements.
2. Evaluate the socio-economic complexities of urban environments in the Global South, addressing issues such as urban poverty, infrastructure development, and the role of culture in shaping urban landscapes with a nuanced perspective.
3. Critically examine the governance and sustainability challenges in urban management in the Global South, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary urbanization challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in understanding the urbanization processes and challenges specific to cities in the Global South, demonstrating competency in urban studies research and analysis.

Course content

The course will analyze the urbanization processes, challenges, and opportunities in the cities of the Global South, emphasizing the dynamics of urban growth and informal settlements. It will highlight the socio-economic complexities of urban environments in the Global South, addressing issues such as urban poverty, infrastructure development, and the role of culture in shaping urban landscapes. It will also examine the governance and sustainability challenges in urban management in the Global South, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the unique urbanization dynamics in this context.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner. Students will undertake fieldtrips to provide practical knowledge of the course through collection, interpretation and discussion of field data.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course seeks to explore the application of geomorphological principles and techniques in environmental management, land use planning, and natural hazard assessment. It critically analyzes the role of geomorphology in addressing environmental challenges, sustainable land use, and the mitigation of natural hazards. It will also examine the practical application of geomorphological concepts and techniques to real-world scenarios, addressing issues such as watershed management, coastal zone planning, and slope stability assessment. Students will engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying geomorphology to address environmental and land management challenges. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Apply geomorphological principles and techniques in environmental management, land use planning, and natural hazard assessment.
2. Critically analyze the role of geomorphology in addressing environmental challenges, sustainable land use, and the mitigation of natural hazards, fostering a nuanced

Course content

The course focuses on applied geomorphology, origin, morphology and dynamics pertaining to geomorphic processes and landforms, and the application of geomorphic ideas, knowledge and concepts to addressing geomorphic problems of the environment such as coastal/shoreline erosion and control, landslide risk assessments and prevention, flood hazard assessment and management, river management issues among others. Thus, the course examines the impacts of certain geomorphological processes on society and discusses measures of solving the many environmental issues confronted by society. There will be field studies and laboratory analysis as part of the course training.

Mode of Delivery

Delivery would take the form of teaching and would involve lectures utilizing power point files, web resources and selected materials on prescribed topics. Another mode of delivery would be in the form tutorials and class groupings presentation. Student interactions are a part of the course and are expected to attend and participate in all lecture classes and field work.  

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

The understanding of developmental patterns in respect of the diverse and complex environmental controls and geomorphic responses in the tropics appears to be an essential prerequisite for the understanding, assessment and distinction of climatically driven and humanly induced environmental changes, as well as for the planning of technological, social and political measures and sustainable development. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain unique geomorphological features of tropical landscapes and the processes shaping landform development in tropical regions.
2. Critically analyze the impact of tropical climates on weathering, erosion, fluvial systems, and coastal dynamics in tropical geomorphology, fostering a nuanced perspective on tropical landform processes.
3. Examine the environmental challenges specific to tropical regions, addressing issues such as tropical soil erosion, landslide hazards, and the impact of tropical storms on landforms with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in practical exercises and fieldwork to gain proficiency in understanding the geomorphological processes and environmental dynamics of tropical regions, demonstrating competency in tropical geomorphology research and analysis.

Course content

The course will focus on the unique geomorphological features of tropical landscapes and the processes shaping landform development in tropical regions. It will also discuss the impact of tropical climates on weathering, erosion, fluvial systems, and coastal dynamics in tropical geomorphology. Finally, it will discuss the environmental challenges specific to tropical regions, addressing issues such as tropical soil erosion, landslide hazards, and the impact of tropical storms on landforms.

Mode of Delivery

Delivery would take the form of teaching and would involve lectures utilizing power point files, web resources and selected materials on prescribed topics and current events, especially when a major global or national environmental. Other modes of delivery would be in the form tutorials and class groupings presentation. Student interactions are a part of the course and are expected to attend and participate in all lecture classes and field work.   

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course focuses on transportation and the organization of human society in terms of the mobility of passengers, goods and information over geographical space. It seeks to examine the complexities of transportation geography, addressing issues such as transport sustainability, accessibility, and the role of transportation in urban and regional development. It also focuses on the spatial dimensions, infrastructural networks, and socio-economic impacts of transportation systems, emphasizing the role of transport in shaping spatial interactions and accessibility. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the spatial dimensions, infrastructural networks, and socio-economic impacts of transportation systems, emphasizing the role of transport in shaping spatial interactions and accessibility.
2. Evaluate modes of transport, urban mobility, logistics, and the spatial implications of transportation systems, fostering a nuanced perspective on transport geography.
3. Analyze the complexities of transportation geography, addressing issues such as transport sustainability, accessibility, and the role of transportation in urban and regional development with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the spatial aspects of transportation systems and their impacts, demonstrating competency in applying geographical perspectives to transport issues.

Course content

The course highlights the modes of transport, urban mobility, logistics, and the spatial implications of transportation systems, fostering a comprehensive understanding of transport geography The role of transport systems (e.g., infrastructures, modes and terminals) in enabling or constraining spatial interactions, as well as the unintended externalities associated with modern forms of transport are further examined. Major highlights include: the theory of transportation development and planning; network formation and analyses using specific models and techniques as well as land use-transport mosaic.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course will introduce students to the spatial patterns and dynamics in the distribution, composition, and change of population and its relationship with variations in the nature of places. It examines demographic patterns, regularities and order in space, and seeks to explain these patterns by the processes operating differentially in space which create, modify, destroy or replace such patterns. Students will be introduced to basic concepts, theories and demographic perspectives of population change. Global trends in population growth and the factors explaining the timing and pace of these trends, as well as major theories explaining population change will be examined. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theories, methodologies, and empirical research related to population dynamics, emphasizing the relevance of population studies in demographic analysis.
2. Utilize demographic analysis, population modeling, and the study of population structure and characteristics to address population trends and patterns, fostering a nuanced perspective on population dynamics.
3. Critically analyze population trends, patterns, and their implications for social, economic, and environmental systems, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary population challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying population studies methodologies to real-world scenarios, demonstrating competency in population studies research and analysis.

Course content

It will [provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the theories, methodologies, and empirical research related to population dynamics, demographic analysis, population modeling, and the study of population structure and characteristics, fostering proficiency in population studies. It will also focus on population trends, patterns, and their implications for social, economic, and environmental systems, addressing contemporary population challenges. Students will discuss case studies to gain proficiency in applying population studies methodologies to real-world scenarios.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course provides an analysis of the inter-relationships between Population and Development within a global and a local context.  The course will focus on population as a development issue highlighting how population change occurring simultaneously with the unsustainable use of the Earth’s resources can impact on the environment and on development. The concept of sustainable development will be discussed drawing out its implications for population and development and the SDGs.  Population policies and programmes within the context of global and national development issues will also be discussed. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships between population dynamics and socio-economic development, emphasizing the impact of demographic trends on sustainable development.
2. Evaluate population policies and their implications for addressing population growth, fertility, migration, and urbanization in the context of development, fostering a nuanced perspective on population and development policies.
3. Analyze the role of population dynamics in shaping development trajectories, addressing issues such as demographic transition, population aging, and urbanization challenges with critical thinking skills.
4. Engage in theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the complexities of population and development interactions, demonstrating competency in applying demographic perspectives to development issues.

Course content

The course will focus on the interrelationships between population dynamics and socio-economic development, emphasizing the impact of demographic trends on sustainable development, population policies and their implications for addressing population growth, fertility, migration, and urbanization in the context of development, demographic transition, population aging, and urbanization challenges. Students will discuss theoretical frameworks and case studies to gain proficiency in understanding the complexities of population and development interactions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course introduces students to the general concepts and theories of rural development of relevance to sub-Saharan Africa. A step back in recent history is taken to examine the major ideas that have governed rural development policies and some reasons for slow growth of the rural economy. Different explanations for continued high levels of rural poverty are explored. Contemporary debates on the direction of rural development strategies are examined showing new challenges for rural development policy makers and practitioners. It seeks to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development, fostering a nuanced perspective on rural development theories and policies.
2. Evaluate the complexities of rural resource management, sustainable utilization, and policy interventions aimed at promoting inclusive and sustainable rural development with critical thinking skills.
3. Analyze the implications of land use planning, agricultural policies, natural resource governance, and rural-urban linkages in rural resources development, utilizing theoretical concepts to address rural development challenges.
4. Engage in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world rural development scenarios, demonstrating competency in rural resources development theories and practices.

Course content

The course focuses on the complexities of rural resource management, sustainable utilization, and policy interventions aimed at promoting inclusive and sustainable rural development. It focuses on theoretical foundations, concepts, and policy frameworks related to rural resources development the implications of land use planning, agricultural policies, natural resource governance, and rural-urban linkages in rural resources development. It will engage students in case studies and practical exercises to gain proficiency in applying theoretical concepts and policy frameworks to real-world rural development scenarios.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This course aims to introduce a range of tools needed by development practitioners in NGOs, government agencies, and businesses. Students will gain familiarity with the most important available tools for executing tasks demanded of development workers in any organisation. Students will be provided practical skills and competencies essential for effective rural development practice, emphasizing community engagement and participatory approaches. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in applying practical skills and competencies essential for effective rural development practice, emphasizing community engagement and participatory approaches.
2. Execute project management and implementation, addressing the complexities of planning and executing rural development initiatives with competence.
3. Apply the principles of sustainable resource utilization and environmental management, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in rural development.
4. Utilize technology to enhance rural development outcomes and address rural challenges, demonstrating competency in leveraging technology for rural development initiatives.

Course content

The course will focus on proficiency in project management and implementation, addressing the complexities of planning and executing rural development initiatives. It will also discuss principles of sustainable resource utilization and environmental management, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in rural development. Tools and frameworks covered may include proposal writing, baselines, monitoring and evaluation, environmental and social impact assessments, participatory research technics, sustainable livelihoods analysis, and the art of report writing.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives 

This course is meant to introduce students to spatial analytics with the aim of providing students with the background necessary for geographic investigation and statistical representation of geographic events. It will provide students with a practical understanding of the quantitative methods and tools used in analyzing spatial data and geographical patterns, GIS applications, remote sensing, and spatial modeling, fostering proficiency in spatial analysis techniques. It seeks to equip students with the skills to apply spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes, emphasizing the relevance of spatial analysis in geographical research and planning. Students taking this course would have satisfied the prerequisite of GEOD 307 and GEOD 312. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing quantitative methods and tools to analyze spatial data and geographical patterns.
2. Utilize spatial statistics, GIS applications, remote sensing, and spatial modeling to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes.
3. Apply spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes, emphasizing the relevance of spatial analysis in geographical research and planning.
4. Gain proficiency in utilizing spatial analysis techniques to address spatial problems and inform decision-making processes through hands-on exercises and real-world applications, demonstrating competency in spatial analysis techniques.

Course content

The course will teach methods and models that have been developed for spatial analysis and patterns recognition. Topics to be covered in the course will include spatial statistical methods such techniques for analyzing point, line and polygon data; methods for analyzing and representing spatial relationships, including hypothesis testing, neighbourhood analysis, spatial interpolation and multi-criteria decision making.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The course aims to give students basic knowledge on theories and practice of planning. It covers aspects of urban/town/city, regional and development planning. Special emphasis would be placed on the planning experience of Ghana in the past as well as the implication of the current decentralized planning system for the practice of planning in the country. Students will engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying planning theories and principles to real-world planning scenarios. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the historical evolution of planning theories and their implications for contemporary urban and regional planning practice.
2. Evaluate the role of governance and policy frameworks in shaping urban and regional planning processes, fostering a nuanced perspective on planning governance and decision-making.
3. Critically analyze the complexities of urban and regional planning, addressing issues such as sustainable development, community engagement, and spatial justice, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary planning challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying planning theories and principles to real-world planning scenarios, demonstrating competency in planning practice.

Course content

The course is divided into two aspects: the first part covers concepts and theories of planning. The second part covers the practice of planning-policies, strategies, institutional and legal frameworks and the experiences using examples drawn particularly from developing countries, Africa and Ghana. Specific topics will include the historical evolution of planning theories and their implications for contemporary urban and regional planning practice; the role of governance and policy frameworks in shaping urban and regional planning processes, fostering a comprehensive understanding of planning governance and decision-making. It will also focus on the complexities of urban and regional planning, addressing issues such as sustainable development, community engagement, and spatial justice.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

The extractive industry has potential for significantly transforming the national socio-economic landscape of mineral endowed countries. This course is structured to consider some of the pertinent issues surrounding the growth of the extractive industry, which comprises the oil and gas, and mining sectors. The course examines the impacts of the extractive industry in the development processes of countries especially in the global South. Drawing on case-studies from worse and best practices globally, this course seeks to equip students with requisite skills and competence to engage in meaningful discussions on the extractive industry. By the end of the course, students should be able to: 

1. Explain the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of extractive industries and their impact on regional development.
2. Critically analyze the complexities of natural resource extraction, resource governance, and sustainable development in extractive industry-dependent regions.
3. Evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with extractive industries, addressing issues such as resource curse, community engagement, and environmental impact assessment.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying policy frameworks to promote sustainable development in resource-rich regions, demonstrating competency in addressing extractive industry-related challenges.

Course content

The focus of the course will be on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of extractive industries and their impact on regional development, the complexities of natural resource extraction, resource governance, and sustainable development in extractive industry-dependent regions, the challenges and opportunities associated with extractive industries, addressing issues such as resource curse, community engagement, and environmental impact assessment. Students will also engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying policy frameworks to promote sustainable development in resource-rich regions.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

Course Objectives

This is meant to introduce students to some techniques for analysing the structure and functions of regions as well as methods for measuring phenomena of particular interest to spatial development. It will provide students with a practical understanding of the quantitative and qualitative methods used in regional analysis and spatial planning as well as with econometric modeling, and qualitative research techniques, fostering proficiency in regional science methods. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods in regional analysis and spatial planning.
2. Utilize econometric modeling, and qualitative research techniques to address regional challenges and opportunities.
3. Apply various methods to address regional challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the relevance of regional science in decision-making and policy formulation.
4. Gain proficiency in utilizing various methods to address regional challenges and opportunities through hands-on exercises and real-world applications, demonstrating competency in regional science techniques.

Course content

The students will have the opportunity to learn about some techniques for delineating ‘regions or spaces of varying dimensions in order to address some spatial issues or study particular phenomena; techniques for analysing a region’s economic structure and for forecasting a regions economic growth; modelling of urban and regional phenomena and their application in addressing problems that are spatial in nature; and techniques for measuring spatial disparity in development.

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 3

The course is aimed at giving students basic knowledge on theories of regional development/underdevelopment, politics and strategies of regional planning and elements of planning theory and practice. It also assesses the relevance of these theories and the development process in the era of structural adjustments and globalisation. Although essentially comparative, the focus will be on Ghana and the Developing World. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Explain the economic, social, and environmental factors influencing regional disparities and development trajectories.
2. Evaluate the theories, policies, and practices related to regional development and planning, fostering a nuanced perspective on regional governance and spatial inequalities.
3. Analyze the implications of sustainable development, innovation, and entrepreneurship in fostering inclusive regional growth, utilizing critical thinking skills to address contemporary regional development challenges.
4. Engage in practical exercises and case studies to gain proficiency in applying regional development theories and policies to real-world scenarios, demonstrating competency in regional development practices.

Course content

The course is divided into two aspects: the first part deals with the spatial dimension and issues of development. The second part deals with policy and strategies of regional planning. Specific topics include the economic, social, and environmental factors influencing regional disparities and development trajectories; Theories, policies, and practices related to regional development and planning, regional governance and spatial inequalities; innovation, and entrepreneurship in fostering inclusive regional growth, and addressing contemporary regional development challenges. 

Mode of Delivery

Classes will combine lectures and group student presentations. Students are expected to attend lectures prepared to discuss the reading/themes in an informed manner.

Credit Hours - 6

This is a final-year independent research project undertaken by students under the guidance of an assigned supervisor. The long essay is primarily field-based, conducted over two semesters, and focuses on a topic approved by the Department. 
Students are responsible for the full research process from proposal development to data collection, analysis, and writing. The final submission should be a well-structured academic essay of no more than 45 pages, excluding references and appendices.
The long essay aims to develop students’ skills in:
1.    Independent research design and execution
2.    Application of appropriate geographical methods
3.    Data analysis and interpretation
4.    Academic writing and presentation
The project serves as a capstone experience, demonstrating students' ability to apply geographic knowledge and research skills in addressing real-world issues.