Credit Hours - 6

Students undertake an independent project which is the culmination of the MSc degree programme, and provides students with the opportunity to further their specialist knowledge in a particular area. The dissertation is undertaken under the supervision of faculty. The Project may commonly include a fieldwork component or may entirely consist of the analysis of raw data from industry. The project will normally begin after the second semester examination, from early May until end of July. However, depending on the programme being pursued by the student the project may start by the beginning of the second semester. 

Credit Hours - 1

The course includes several one-day long and one week-long field trips to hydrogeological, engineering, geoenvironmental and mine sites. It introduces practical skills appropriate to the study of earth and environmental science. The course concentrates on interactions and feedbacks in the environment, including studies of geology, landforms, soil types and water quality.

Credit Hours - 3

This course covers the following: the hydrological cycle, hydrometeorology and climate, hydrometric networks and catchment morphometry, precipitation measurements and analysis, evaporation measurements and analysis, soil moisture, river flow measurements and analysis, rainfall-runoff analysis, hydrographs. Hydrological instruments are introduced; students employ the instruments to make field measurements and perform a range of data analysis and exercises.

Credit Hours - 3

This course examines the exploration for groundwater resources (e.g., using geophysical methods), the development and evaluation of groundwater resources (well construction and hydraulic testing) in a variety of hydrogeological systems, and groundwater management approaches (sustainability, vulnerability). Course topics include groundwater and the hydrologic cycle, groundwater resource evaluation, well drilling methods, well screens and methods of sediment size analysis, water well design, installation and removal of screens, water well development, and well and pump maintenance and rehabilitation.

Credit Hours - 2

This course develops knowledge in climate dynamics, hydrology and surface water resources which actually links hydro-meteorological and hydrological processes together with the relationship between rainfall and hydrological measurements, the important of groundwater resources in water resources management. Integrated water resources management designed to provide basic understanding of the principles, paradigms and methodologies in IWRM shall be treated along with water management and the environment and water quality management and the impacts of human activities on the ecosystem. Case studies involving the major river catchments shall be carried out.

Credit Hours - 2

The course introduces mineral exploration and mining methods. It focuses on the exploration of mineral deposits from desk studies up to harnessing of the mineral deposit. The various methods of exploration are treated in detail. Project evaluation is also discussed. The course covers the following topics: exploration programme design, reconnaissance exploration, detailed or follow-up exploration, sampling and assaying techniques, drilling techniques, project evaluation.

Credit Hours - 2

A mining feasibility study is an evaluation of a proposed mining project to determine whether the mineral resource can be mined economically. This course deals with the basic concepts of feasibility studies, including important aspects and stages. Course content: The role of the feasibility study in the mine development decision process, organization of the preliminary feasibility study, presentation of project material, mining methods, geological data, mineral processing, surface facilities/ infrastructure/environmental requirements, capital and operating cost, revenue estimation, mineral taxation and financial evaluation, sensitivity and risk analysis.

Credit Hours - 2

This course will present basic concepts of geostatistics and ore reserve estimation. It will treat the data requirements for optimal geospatial modelling, data distributions, and the univariate statistical tools that are applicable to the preliminary assessment of data prior to geospatial modelling. The course will treat the various sampling techniques that are commonly used to acquire data for modelling and discuss their weaknesses and strengths. The traditional estimation methods will then be treated with practical demonstrations of their strengths and weaknesses. The course will then proceed to treat spatial continuity modelling. The course will expend significant part of the session to discuss the relevance of spatial continuity modelling, the types of theoretical variogram models commonly used, and the concept of structural analysis. Ordinary kriging will be treated, along with the concepts of geological modelling, and resource estimation. Students will be introduced to multivariate kriging, and non-linear estimation techniques.

Credit Hours - 3

The course will cover urban geology, engineering geology of dams and tunnels, building cracks evaluation, and ground treatment. It will also consider the role of engineering geologist during construction of roads, houses, dams, tunnels, etc. In-depth study using case studies of major civil engineering projects such as tunnels, motorways, dams, etc., will also be covered. The course may include visits to mine sites.

Credit Hours - 3

Theory of bearing capacity cohesive and cohesionless soils and clays; Bearing capacity estimation from in situ tests; Estimation of bearing pressures by empirical methods, Foundation Types; Protection of foundations against attack by soils and groundwater. Slope failure types in soils, General methods of analysis in cohesive and cohesionless soils, End-of-construction and long-term stability. Plane failures; Wedge failure; Circular failure; Toppling failure; Application of Hemispherical Projections to Determine Failure Modes; Influence of a slope curvature upon stability; Surface protection of slopes; Control of rock falls; Monitoring and interpretation of slope displacements. The course will also include a three-day field visit.

Credit Hours - 3

Index properties of rocks; engineering characteristics of rocks. Shear strength of planar discontinuities; Shearing on an inclined plane; Surface roughness; Shear testing on discontinuities in rocks; Estimating joint compressive strength and friction angle; Shear strength of filled discontinuities and closely jointed rock masses; Residual Strength; Schmidt Hammer Test. Rock Mass Classification and their importance in engineering works; Rock Quality Designation; Influence of clay seams and fault gouge; CSIR classification of jointed rock masses; NGI Tunneling Quality Index. Types of earth-moving equipment; Borrow materials; Cuts in rocks and soils; Foundations; Free-draining materials; Roads and Highways; Earth dams; Canal works. Laboratory work.

Credit Hours - 3

This course focuses on the different kinds of sedimentary basins, the processes that form these basins, the processes that bring about filling of basins, and the nature of the fills. The methods used to carry out basin analysis and the applications of basin analysis are also discussed. Topics to be discussed include physical state of lithosphere, mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation by stretching, strike-slip, flexure and compression, effects of mantle dynamics, basin infill mechanisms and depositional systems, subsidence and thermal history, basin mapping methods, and application to the petroleum system, leading towards the play concept.

Credit Hours - 2

The course is designed to incorporate various areas in water resources management including water as a resource, water resources of Ghana, Ghana’s water policy, water supply options in Ghana; management, planning and implementation of rural water schemes. Basic principles and concepts in rural water supply, community interactions, developing a project strategy; Community Water supply policy of Ghana will also be taught. Topics such as finding, design, constructing and assessing groundwater, water quality aspects of rural water supply; rural water infrastructure, capacity building, community water supply options and innovations will also be taught. Case histories will be an integral part of the programme.

Credit Hours - 2

This course deals with water quality studies and sources, behavior and transport of contaminants. There is particular focus on interactions between water and minerals and their significance for groundwater composition. Course content include: water quality standards; hydrochemical behaviour of contaminants; measurement of parameters; hydrochemical sequences; graphical methods and hydrochemical facies; sources of contaminants; contaminant transport; hydrochemical behaviour of contaminants.

Credit Hours - 3

This course builds on EASC 335 and deals with geophysical techniques applied to solving geoscience problems with focus on techniques relevant to the exploration for groundwater and mineral resources: seismic, electrical (resistivity, S.P. & I.P.), electromagnetic, gravity, and magnetic methods. The course is intended to be practical, hands-on, and field-oriented so applications are emphasized, and theory is kept to the minimum. Case studies are included to illustrate applications. Hands-on experience at working with data is provided through laboratory exercises and take-home assignments.

Credit Hours - 3

The course focuses on the application of geochemistry to mineral exploration. Topics discussed include the following: geochemistry of the supergene environment; supergene mineralization; regolith geochemistry; geochemical survey methods (lithogeochemical, stream sediments, soil, hydrogeochemical, geobotanical, biogeochemical); statistical treatment of geochemical data; analytical methods. Modern developments in understanding geochemical and isotopic systems and techniques applied to mineral exploration will also be discussed.

Credit Hours - 3

The applications of geophysics in 2D and 3D mapping of geological structures. Reflection seismic acquisition. Seismic processing fundamentals and digital filtering. Interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data, including horizontal and vertical slices, presentation parameters, horizon autotracking, fault mapping, stratigraphic and structural interpretation, and reservoir evaluation. Reservoir aspects of seismic interpretation. Seismic stratigraphy.

Credit Hours - 2

The course covers basic petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks including porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, electrical conductivity, capillary pressure, and relative permeability; classification of oil and natural gas reservoirs; introduction to reserve estimation principles. Laboratory measurement of the reservoir rock characteristics mentioned above. Derivation of the general material balance equation. Application of the general material balance equation for determining initial oil in place and gas cap size and water influx constant under different drive mechanisms. Application of the general material balance equation for determining the initial gas in place for conventional gas reservoir.

Credit Hours - 3

Covers site mapping, test pit excavations and logs, drilling methods and equipment, disturbed and undisturbed sampling, water sampling, in-situ tests, exploratory drifts and tunnels, and installation of piezometers. It also covers the application of geophysical surveys in site investigations, and the interpretation of geophysical survey results and implications on engineering geological problems. Students are also taught how to prepare site investigation reports. Case studies are discussed in class. The course may include field visits.

Credit Hours - 2

The course deals with explorations for quarries and rock aggregates for concrete, roads and highways, runways and railways. It also considers explosives and blasting, physical properties and chemical reaction on aggregates in concrete mixes, sulphides and organic substances in concrete, and pozzolanic materials. The techniques in sampling and laboratory analyses of samples are also considered. The course includes field visits to quarries and construction sites.

Credit Hours - 3

The course gives an overview of the main types of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits, their geological environments, geochemistry, mineralogy, structural geology and genetic constraints. It also considers the chemical, petrological, structural, and sedimentological processes that contribute to ore formation. Contents include: Distribution of economic mineral deposits with respect to their plate tectonic setting, lithological-stratigraphical environments, mineralogy, geochemistry, morphology and structural features. Description of classic deposits representing individual deposit types. Review of exploration strategies. Laboratory classes consists of hand specimen study of host rock-ore mineral suites and reflected light microscopy.

Credit Hours - 2

This course involves the large scale vertical and lateral relationships between units of sedimentary rock that are defined on the basis of lithologic properties, paleontological characteristics, geophysical properties, age relationships, and geographic position and distribution. The course is divided into three parts. Part I deals with lithostratigaphy and considers vertical and lateral successions of strata and correlation of lithostatigraphic units. Part II deals with fundamental principles, and methods and applications of sequence stratigraphy. Part III deals with biostratigraphy, the characterization and correlation of rock units on the basis of their fossil contents

Credit Hours - 2

Covers the origin and history of major tectonic forms and features of the earth, and their interaction and evolution through time. It examines modern tectonic principles and fundamental tectonic forms and textures of the earth’s lithosphere and crust - orogenic belts, cratons, island arcs, rift zones, continental margins, etc, and discusses geotectonic models emphasizing on modern plate tectonic concepts. A knowledge of structural geology is required

Credit Hours - 2

The primary objective of this course is to provide a practical overview of principles and techniques used in geochronology. The theory, methodology and interpretation of the following dating techniques will be discussed: UTh-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb, K-Ar, Ar-Ar, and Fission track dating. Cosmogenic and fossil isotopes. The dating of Ghanaian rocks will also be discussed.

Credit Hours - 3

This course is designed to introduce the student to the regional geology of Africa, the major geological events that have shaped the continent, mineral resources of Africa as well as the evolutional history of Africa. The main focus of the course is a discussion on the major tectonic events that consolidated the continent and the timelines, the resulting mineralisation and the compositions of the different cratons in Africa. The course covers the following topics: Precambrian Geology of Africa, Proterozoic cratonic basins and mobile belts, Palaeozoic sedimentary basins in Africa, Mesozoic – Cenozoic basins in Africa, the Atlas Belt.

Credit Hours - 3

This course gives a broad understanding of the petrology of sedimentary rocks. The course consists of two parts. Part I deals with siliciclastic sedimentary rocks by examining the characteristics features of sandstones, conglomerates, shales and mudrocks. The important topic of sediment provenance is discussed followed by discussion of diagenesis of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Part II deals with chemical/biochemical sedimentary rocks. It describes limestones, discusses dolomites and examines the diagenesis of these carbonate rocks. It then describes the characteristics of evaporites, cherts, phosphorites, and iron-rich sedimentary rocks and discusses some of the controversial aspects of their origin

Credit Hours - 2

The course is divided into two parts. The purpose of Part I is to help students to communicate ideas better and to learn the skills of communicating geoscience. Topics include discussion and review of different kinds of geological publications. Also included are oral presentation delivery, proposal development, and content organization. Part II teaches students the basic and foundational skills needed to start their own business in the geoscience industries. Using the fundamentals of economics, marketing, accounting, and business organizations, students will develop a comprehensive business plan that includes sales, financial, and legal considerations for starting and operating a small or medium scale business.

Credit Hours - 1

The course includes several one-day long and one week-long field trips to hydrogeological, engineering, geoenvironmental and mine sites. It introduces practical skills appropriate to the study of earth and environmental science. The course concentrates on interactions and feedbacks in the environment, including studies of geology, landforms, soil types and water quality.

Credit Hours - 2

This course covers the techniques of probability and data analysis as applied to problems in the earth and environmental sciences. Topics include probability, data description, hypothesis testing, time series analysis, correlation and regression analyses, and multivariate methods. Laboratory work focuses on the use of statistical software packages for data analysis.

Credit Hours - 3

This course focuses on the different kinds of sedimentary basins, the processes that form these basins, the processes that bring about filling of basins, and the nature of the fills. The methods used to carry out basin analysis and the applications of basin analysis are also discussed. Topics to be discussed include physical state of lithosphere, mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation by stretching, strike-slip, flexure and compression, effects of mantle dynamics, basin infill mechanisms and depositional systems, subsidence and thermal history, basin mapping methods, and application to the petroleum system, leading towards the play concept.

Credit Hours - 3

The course gives a presentation of the various microfossil groups by discussing their morphology, taxonomy, mode of life, environments and stratigraphic distribution. Emphasis is laid on groups of geological importance by elucidating their application for dating, correlation and facies interpretation of sedimentary successions. The microfossils covered in class include foraminifera, ostracods, conodonts, and diatoms. It will also cover pollen and spores, dinoflagellates, acritarchs. Some applications of palynology will also be discussed. Practical work will include the method of preparation of microfossil.

Credit Hours - 2

This course discusses the Earth from geochemical perspective, using the fundamental geochemical tools studied in EASC 214. It covers the following: Cosmochemistry: nucleosynthesis, meteorites, formation of the solar system and the planets; The Mantle and Core of the Earth: composition of the earth’s mantle and core, the “primitive mantle”, magma ocean and mantle differentiation, mantle geochemical reservoirs; The crust of the Earth: oceanic crust; crust-mantle interaction, continental crust, growth of the continental crust; Reactions at the earth’s surface: weathering, soils, and stream chemistry; The oceans as a chemical system.

Credit Hours - 3

The course is divided into two parts. Part 1 comprises crystal chemistry, crystal growth, relationship between crystal structure and temperature, pressure, and composition (phase equilibria), x-ray crystallography and chemical analysis of minerals. Part 2 concerns detailed study of selected phase systems, systematic and determinative mineralogy and analysis of some selected minerals.

Credit Hours - 3

This course is designed to train students in field mapping techniques and related skills. Skills developed during field camp typically include: field surveying, collection of geological data, construction of measured sections, interpretation of geological structures and how to take data, samples, and notes in the field. Students spend 3-4 weeks in the field during the long vacation, to collect geological data, analyse and interpret the data, and prepare geological maps and cross sections. Students work in groups in the field but work independently on the data gathered. At the end of the course, students present a report on the geology of the studied area.

Reading list: 

Coe, A. L. (2017). Geological Field Techniques (1st Edition). Wiley-Blackwell 

Compton, R. R. (1985). Geology in the Field. John Wiley & Sons, NY.

Lisle, R. J., Brabham, P., & Barnes, .1. W. (201 l). Basic Geological Mapping (Geological Field Guide) (5th Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 

Moseley, F. (1981). Methods in Field Geology. W. H. Freeman & Co, Oxford, 

Tucker, M. E, (1982). Field Description of Sedimentary Rocks (Geological Society of London handbook series) (1"t Edition). John Wiley & Sons

Credit Hours - 3

This course is of two parts. Part I introduces the principles and concepts of Remote Sensing (RS). In this part, students are introduced to environmental issues of the Earth, principles of RS, satellites and sensors, RS imagery, data acquisition systems, digital image processing for RS imagery, and applications. Part II introduces the principles, concepts and applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Database development, manipulation and spatial analysis techniques for information generation will be taught. Application of GIS in natural resource management, environment, civil engineering, etc, will be discussed through mini project and laboratory exercises.

Reading List 

• Bhatta, B. (201l). Remote Sensing and GIS. Oxford University Press Incorporated. 
• Campbell, J.B, (2008). Introduction to Remote Sensing (4th Edition). Guiltford Publications. 
• Chipman, J.W., Lillesand, T.M., & Kiefer, R.W. (2003). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. Wiley & Sons Incorporated. 
• Jensen, J.R. (2006). Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice Hall. 
• Lillesand, T., Kiefer, R.W., & Chipman, J. (2015). Remote Sensing and image interpretations. Wiley & Sons Incorporated.

Credit Hours - 2

This course focuses on organic carbon geochemistry and its use to solve problems of geological and environmental relevance. The subjects treated include organic carbon in space, the global carbon cycle, chemical composition of biogenic matter, sedimentology of organic matter, organic matter diagenesis, molecular fossils, geopolymers, generation and composition of fossil fuels, environmental organic geochemistry, and carbon stable isotope geochemistry.

Reading List 

• Killops, S.D., & Killops, V. (2005). An Introduction to Organic Geochemistry. Wiley & Sons Incorporated. 
• Lillis, P.G., & Dolan, M.P. (2013). Organic Geochemistry of Oils, from Oil Spring and Florence Oil Field near Canon City, Colorado. USGS Open-File Report 98-617. BiblioBazaar.
• Pratt, L.M., Brasse, S.C., & Comer, J.B. (1992), Geochemistry of Organic Matter in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Society of Sedimentary Petrology, 
• Romankevich, E.A. (2012). Geochemistry of Organic Matter in the Oceans. Springer. 
• Schenck, P.A., Leeuw, J.W., & Lijmbach, G.W. (1985). Organic Geochemistry: Advances in Organic Geochemistry (Vol. 6). Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

Credit Hours - 2

The purpose of this course is to give students an overview of the environmental pollution associated with air, water and solid waste, and methods for prevention, control and management of the pollution. Major categories and sources of air and water pollution; dangers of some air and water pollutants; detecting pollution; control and monitoring of pollution; acid rain and deposition; measurement of air and water pollution; air and water pollutant standards index from EPA and WHO; status of air and water quality in developed and developing countries; groundwater protection; human waste disposal will be discussed.

Reading List 

Barrat, R., & Feates, F.S. (1995), Integrated Pollution Management: Improving Environmental Performance. McGraw Hill Companies.

Eckenfelder, W.W. (1988). McGraw-Hill Series in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; industrial Water Pollution Control, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 

Farmer, A. (1998). Routledge Environmental Management: Managing Environmental Pollution Routledge

Friedman, F. (2006). Practical Guide to Environmental Management (10th Edition). Environmental Law. 

Nathanson, J.A., & Schneider, R.A. (2014). Basic Environmental Technology: Water Supply, Water Management and Pollution Control. Pearson Education

Credit Hours - 3

This course covers the physics of earthquakes and seismic energy propagation, and seismic methods to determine Earth structure. Lectures cover the following: earthquake seismology; earthquake mechanics; earth structure; instrumentation; interpretation of seismograms; focal mechanisms; faults; paleoseismology; seismotectonics; earthquake locations and magnitudes; earthquake hazard assessment. Laboratory work will focus on the interpretation and analyses of digital earthquake data using digital and analog seismograms, analyses of local earthquake data on a workstation, plotting and interpretation of earthquake record sections, interpretation of paper record seismograms, and spectral analyses of strong ground motion records and probabilistic risk assessment.

Reading list

Dahlen, F.A., & Tromp, J. (1998). Theoretical Global Seismology. Princeton University Press. 

Doyle, H.A. (1996). Seismology. Wiley & Sons Inc. 

Geldart, L.P., & Sheriff, R.E. (1995). Exploration Seismology Cambridge University Press, Shearer, P.M. (1999), Introduction to Seismology, Cambridge University Press.

 Udias, A. (2000). Principles of Seismology. Cambridge University press.

Credit Hours - 2

This course provides an understanding of the broad aspects of minerals as resources, the mineral industry, ore reserve classification and estimation, and project evaluation criteria. The course covers the following: uniqueness of the mining sector investment, mine taxation, ore reserve estimation, valuation, mineral project evaluation and selection criteria, introduction to Ghana's mineral policy, and environmental considerations in mining sector management. 

Reading list: 

• King, F. H., McMahon D. W., & Bujtor, G. .1. (1982). A Guide to the understanding of Ore Reserve Estimation. Australasian lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy. 
• Moran, K., (1995). Investment Appraisal for Non-Financial Managers. Pitman Publishing, London. 
• Ruuge, L C. (2003).Mineral Economics and Strategy. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration; Englewood, Colorado, USA. 
• Sabhash, C. R., & Indra N. S. (20 l6). Mine and mineral economics, Prentice Hall, India. 
• Wellmet', F,-W. (1936). Economic Evalualions in Exploration Springer-verlag, Berlin'

Credit Hours - 2

This course provides an overview of how petroleum is generated and how it is found and how wells are drilled to produce it, the conditions in nature required for petroleum formation and trapping, and the role that geologists and geophysicists have in petroleum exploration and production. Areas of emphasis include concepts, terms, and history of petroleum and energy use in Ghana and the world; reservoir rocks and their fluids; drilling and logging of a well; the subsurface environment of sedimentary basins; generation and migration of petroleum; traps and seals; unconventional oil (oil sands, oil shales etc) and gas (shale gas).

Credit Hours - 2

This course is designed to improve students’ quantitative and problem solving skills applied to geological problems. Student will learn and practice various types of mathematical approaches used to quantify processes across a broad range of geoscience disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, hydrogeology, and geophysics. Topics to be covered include: mathematics as a tool for solving geological problems; common relationships between geological variables; equations and how to manipulate them; trigonometry; graphs; statistics; differential and integral calculus. Students will be given projects to design and solve mathematically relevant problems in geology using any of the mathematical techniques discussed in class.

Reading list:

• Davis, J.C. (2003). Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley
• Ferguson, J. (1994). Introduction to linear algebra in geology. Chapman and Hall
• Fowler, C.M.R. (2004). The solid earth: an introduction to global geophysics. Cambridge University Press.
• Koch, G.S., & Link, R.G. (1970). Statistical analysis of geological data. Dover Publications.
• Turcotte & Schubert (1982). Geodynamics. Wiley
• Waltham, D. (2000). Mathematics: a simple tool for geologists. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.

Credit Hours - 1

Long vacation industrial attachment to a governmental or private sector geoscience or related institution/ company. Credit is contingent on submission of a final report by students and an assessment report by industry. This course offers an opportunity for students with little or no experience to come into a professional working environment and work hands-on in their chosen field.

Credit Hours - 2

This course has both lecture and practical components. The lecture component covers petrographic work on the origin, mode of formation, compositions, textures, fabric and classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The practical component covers the study of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in hand specimen and in thin sections. Concepts are illustrated by rock suites from Ghana and elsewhere.

Reading lists:

• Best, M.G. (1982). Igneous and metamorphic petrology. Freeman.
• Ehlers, G.E. & Blatt, H. (1997). Petrology, Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. CBS publishers and distribution.4596/1-A new delhi-11000, India.
• Loren, A. R. (1995). Petrology: The study of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. WCB, McGraw-Hill.
• Nesse, & William, D. (2000). Introduction to Mineralogy. New York, Oxford University Press.
• Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., & Zussman, J. (2013). An Introduction to the Rock-forming Minerals. London: Mineralogical Society.  
• Winter, D.J. (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice hall

Credit Hours - 2

This course aims to provide a practical introduction to palaeontology - the study of ancient life forms preserved as fossils. It examines how fossils are preserved, the identification of fossils and explains how fossils are used in establishing geologic age of rocks, correlating strata, and reconstructing paleoenvironments. The contents are as follows:  Study of Phyla: porifera, cnidarian, hemichordata,mollusca, brachiopoda; nature of the organism and geologic importance; important index fossils; environmental stratigraphy and environmental reconstruction. Identification and sketching of some specimens of the phyla of organisms indicated above.

Reading List

• Brouwer, A. (1967). General Palaeontology. Oliver and Boyd Ltd, London.
• Clarkson, E. N. K. (1996).  Invertebrate Palaeotology and Evolution (3rd Edition). Chapman and Hall, London, New York. 
• Jackson, P. N.  Introducing Palaeontology, A guide to ancient life. Dunedin.
• Laporte, L. F. (1979). Ancient Environments (2nd Edition). Prentice -Hall Inc. New Jersey.                
• Raup, M. P., & Stanley, S. M. (1978).  Principles of Palaeontology (2nd Edition). W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 
• Shrock, R. R. & Twenhofel, W.H. (1953).  Principles of Invertebrate Palaeontology (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. 

Credit Hours - 2

Introduction to basic principles of geophysics as applicable to the solid earth. Topics covered include general earth properties (size, mass, and moment of inertia), seismology (wave equation, P, S, and surface waves, seismic reflection and refraction), gravity (gravity anomalies, rheology, flexure, geodesy, and geoid), magnetics (dipole field, paleomagnetics, and seafloor spreading), the electrical methods, radioactivity and geochronology, and heat flow.

Reading List:

• Cara, M., & Babuska, V. (1991). Modern Approaches in Geophysics: Seismic Anisotropy in Earth 10. Springer.
• Lowrie, W. (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press.               
• McDowell, P.W. (2002). Geophysics in Engineering Investigations. Construction Industry Research & Information Association. 
• Parasnis, D.S. (1996). Principles of Applied Geophysics. Springer.
• Reynolds, J.M. (2011). An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. Wiley & Sons Incorporated. 

Credit Hours - 2

This course is intended to familiarize students with the tools of geochemistry. These include the tools of thermodynamics, kinetics, aquatic chemistry, and trace element geochemistry. The course is divided into two parts. Part I covers the theory and application of thermodynamics and kinetics to processes controlling the composition of natural waters, and basic mineral-water-atmospheric gas interactions. Part II covers trace elements in igneous processes, including Goldschmidt’s classification of the elements and the geochemical periodic table, element partitioning between coexisting minerals, and trace element distribution during partial melting and crystallization.

Reading lists:

• Faure, G. (1998). Principles and Applications of Geochemistry (2nd Edition). Prentice Hall
• Holland, H., & Turekian, K. (2011). Geochemistry of earth surface systems. Academic Press, Elsevier
• McSween, H.Y. Jr., Richardson, S.M. & Uhle, M.E. (2003). Geochemistry: Pathways and Processes. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
• Shaw, D.M. (2006). Trace Elements in Magmas. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
• White, W.M. (2013). Geochemistry. Wiley-Blackwell

Credit Hours - 2

A practical field-based course consisting of two parts. Part I covers the most commonly used field equipment and outlines field safety procedures. It explores the general objectives of fieldwork, the use of a field notebook, and the necessary skills for the collection of paleontological and sedimentological data. Part II involves about six days ‘live-in’ field exercises in a sedimentary terrain (e.g., the Sekondian Group in the Sekondi/Takoradi area), providing 'hands-on' instructions on the recognition, identification, description and interpretations of geological features.

Reading lists:

• Assaad, A.F., LaMoreaux, E.P., & Hughes, T.H. (2004). Field methods for Geologists and Hydrogeologists. Springer.
• Coe, L.A., Argles, T.W., Rothery, D.A., & Spicer, R.A. (2010). Geological field mapping techniques. Blackwell Publishing Limited. 
• Lisle, J.R., Brabham, P., & Barnes, J. (2011). Basic Geological mapping. The geological field guide series (5th Edition). John Wiley. 

Credit Hours - 2

This is a practical course involving the essentials of geometrical crystallography and internal order of crystals. The detail syllabus is as follows: Essentials of geometrical crystallography: Crystal description, symmetry elements, crystal symmetry, crystallographic axes. Parameters, indices, crystallographic notation, principal laws of geometric crystallography. Faces, forms, zones, crystal habit, measurement of crystal angles. Law of rational indices, classification of crystals, crystal systems, thirty-two crystal classes, spherical projection, stereographic projection, intergrowth of crystals. Essentials of Internal Order of crystals: Symmetry elements, space lattice, unit cell, space groups.

Reading List

• Clegg, W. (1998). Crystal Structure Determination (2nd Edition). Oxford University Press,    
• Muller, P., Herbst-Irmer, R., Spek, A., Schneider, T., & Sawaya, M. (2006). Crystal Structure 
• Refinement: A Crystallographer's Guide to SHELXL (International Union of Crystallography Texts on Crystallography). Oxford University Press.
• Phillips, F.C. (1971). Introduction to Crystallography. John Wiley & Sons Canada Limited,             
• Sands, D.E. (2010). Introduction to Crystallography. Dover Publications. 
• Stout, G.H.  (1989). X-Ray Structure Determination: A Practical Guide (2nd Edition). X Wiley-Interscience.

Credit Hours - 2

This course is designed to prepare students for the study of rocks in thin section (i.e. petrography). Topics to be covered include the elementary principles of crystal optics, familiarization with and use of the microscope, the immersion method, isotropic, uniaxial, and biaxial optics, and the detailed study of rock-forming minerals in thin section. By the end of the course students should be able to identify the major rock-forming minerals in thin section. In order to accomplish this objective students will learn about the underlying concepts related to mineral behaviour in transmitted/polarized light and the use of the petrographic microscope.

Reading lists:

• Edward, M. (2013). The Practical Methods of Identifying Minerals in Thin Section with microscope and the principle. Read Books Limited, India.
• Gribble, C.D., & Hall, A.J. (1992). Optical Mineralogy; Principles and Practice. Chapman & Hall, New York.
• Mita, S. (1996). Fundamentals of Optical, Spectroscopic and X-ray Mineralogy. New York.
• Perkins, D., & Henke, K.R. (2004). Minerals in Thin Section. Prentice Hall, New York.
• Stoiber, R.E., & Morse, S.A. (1994). Crystal identification with the polarizing microscope. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• William, D, & Nesse, (2016). Introduction to Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, London.

Credit Hours - 2

This course provides an overview of sedimentary processes and products, and the basic principles of stratigraphic analysis and correlation. Topics covered in class include weathering, erosion, transport, deposition; sediments; lithification, diagenesis; sedimentary rocks; common sedimentary structures, depositional environments; stratigraphic nomenclature and the stratigraphic column; basic principles of stratigraphy. Lab work involving application and interpretation of the sedimentary and stratigraphic principles to historical geology.

Reading List:

• Boggs, S. Jr; (2006).  Principles of sedimentology and Stratigraphy (4th Edition). Pearson, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
• Davis, R. (1983). Depositional Systems. Prentice Hall INC, New Jersey. 
• Poort, J. M., & Carlson, R.J. (1992).   Historical Geology. Interpretation and Applications (4th Edition).  Prentice Hall INC, New Jersey.
• Krumbein, W. C., & Sloss, L. L. (1959).  Stratigraphy and Sedimentation. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
• Laporte, L.F. (1979). Ancient Environments (2nd Edition). Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 
• Mathews, R. K. (1974). Dynamic Stratigraphy. Prentice Hall INC, New Jersey. 

Credit Hours - 2

The course discusses, from first principles, the morphology of the common types of geological structures, and relates them to their manifestation on the ground and geological maps. It covers the recognition and interpretation of geological structures from maps. The types of geological structures taught in class include: rock bodies, horizontal and dipping strata, folds, faults, joints, fractures, faulted folds, folds with cleavages, unconformities, and mapping of rocks and structures. Students shall learn how maps show the distribution of rocks and structures and how these can be interpreted to give information on the geological history, relative ages of rocks and events.

Reading lists:

• Bennison, G.M. (1990). An introduction to geological structures and maps. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall
• Borradaile, G. (2014). Understanding geology through maps. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Lisle, R.J. (2004). Geological structures and maps: a practical guide. Amsterdam: Elsevier
• McClay, K.R. (1987). The mapping of geological structures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Roberts, J.L. (1982). Introduction to geological maps and structures. New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc.

Credit Hours - 3

This course is aimed at enhancing students understanding of basic principles in Statistics and Probability. Relative frequency function, Introduction to probability distributions, some univariate probability distributions; Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform distributions. Simulation of random variables from probability distributions; Bernoulli, Binomial, Uniform distributions using R, Minitab and Stata: mean, variance, mode of probability distribution. Writing simple codes to generate discrete random values of the Bernoulli, Binomial and Poisson distributed random variables. One-hour Lab session a week will be organized for students.

Reading List

• Chung, K.L. (2012). Elementary probability theory with stochastic processes. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Feller, W. (1968). An Introduction to probability theory and its applications. Vol. I. London-New York-Sydney-Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
• Rizzo, M.L. (2007). Statistical computing with R.
• Schinazi, R.B. (2011). Probability with statistical applications. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Sheldon, R. (2002). A first course in probability. Pearson Education India.

Credit Hours - 3

This course introduces students to basic principles in Statistics and Probability. The definition, reduction and interpretation of data. Introduction to basic concepts of Probability; Random Events and Random Variables, and Bayes Theorem. Students will be given overview of computational statistics and an introduction to the computing environment. The statistical software (R, Minitab and Stata) will be used to execute concepts learned in class. Methods of data description and analysis using R, Minitab and Stata: emphasis on learning statistical methods and concepts through hands-on experience with real data. One-hour Lab session a week will be organized for students.

Reading List

• Anderson, A. J. (1989). Interpreting data: a first course in statistics (Vol. 8). CRC
• Clarke, G. M., & Cooke, D. (1979). Basic course in statistics [A]. Press.
• Rizzo, M.L. (2007). Statistical Computing with R.
• Schinazi, R. B. (2011). Probability with statistical applications. Springer Science & 
• Business Media.
• Sheldon, R. (2002). A first course in probability. Pearson Education India.

Credit Hours - 3

This is a course which highlights the interplay of algebra and geometry.  It includes topics such as: polar coordinates; conic sections. Complex numbers, Argand diagram, DeMoivre's theorem, roots of unity. Algebra of matrices and determinants, linear transformations. Transformations of the complex plane.  Sketching polar curves and some coordinate geometry in 3 dimensions. Vector product and triple products. 

Reading List:

• Beacher, J., Penna, J. A., & Bittinger, M. L. (2005). College Algebra (2nd Edition). Addison Wesley
• Copeland, A. H. (1962). Geometry, algebra and trigonometry by vector methods. Mac-Millan
• Safler, F. (2012). Schaum's Outline of Precalculus (3rd Edition).  McGraw-Hill Education
• Spiegel, M.R., & Moyer, R.E. (2014).  Schaum's Outline of College Algebra (4th Edition). 
• McGraw-Hill Education
• Sullivan, M. (2005). College Algebra.  Prentice Hall. 

Credit Hours - 3

Elementary idea of limit, continuity and derivative of a function. Rules of differentiation. Applications of differentiation. Derivative of the elementary and transcendental functions. Methods of integration. Improper integrals. Applications of integration. Formation of differential equations and solution of first order differential equations both separable variable type and using an integrating factor.

Reading List:

• Hughes-Hallett, D., Gleason A.M., et al (1994).  Calculus. A. J. Wiley.
• Kline, M. (1998). Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach (2nd Edition). Dover.
• Lang, S. (1998). A First Course in Calculus (Undergraduate texts). Springer.
• Stewart, J. (1995). Calculus, concepts and context. Brooks/Cole
• Thomas, G.B., & Finney, R.L. (1995). Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Addison Wesley Publishing Company

Credit Hours - 3

Vectors may be used very neatly to prove several theorems of geometry. This course is about applying vector operations and the method of mathematical proof (of MATH 121) to geometric problems. The areas of study include: vector operations with geometric examples; components of a vector and the scalar product of vectors. Coordinate geometry in the plane including normal vector to a line, angle between intersecting lines, reflection in a line, angle bisectors and the equation of a circle, the tangent and the normal at a point.

Reading List:

• Akyeampong, D.A., (2006). Vectors and Geometry. Departmental Lecture notes.
• Backhouse, J.K., Houldsworth, S.P.T.,  & Horril, P.J.F. (2010). Pure Mathematics. Longman
• Bostock, L., Chandler. S., & Thorpes, S. (2014). Further Pure Mathematics. Oxford University Press.
• Robinson, G. B. (2011). Vector geometry. Dover.
• Schuster, S. (2008). Elementary Vector Geometry. Dover.

Credit Hours - 3

This course is a precalculus course which aims to develop the students’ ability to think logically, use sound mathematical reasoning and understand the geometry in algebra. It includes advanced levels of topics addressed in high school such as arrangements, selections and the binomial theorem. Sequences and series. Logic and Proof.  Set theory. Indices, logarithms and the algebra of surds. Concept of a function. Trigonometric functions, their inverses, their graphs, circular measure and trigonometric identities. 

Reading List:

• Backhouse, J.K., Houldsworth, S.P.T., & Cooper B.E.D. (2010). Pure Mathematics 2, Longman.
• Bittinger, M. L. et al (2012) Algebra and Trigonometry (5th edition). Pearson
• Bostock, L., Chandler, S., & Thorpes, S. (2014). Mathematics; the core course for A-level.        Oxford University Press.
• Bostock, L., Chandler. S., & Thorpes, S. (2014) Further Pure Mathematics, Oxford University Press.
• Spiegel, M.R., & Moyer, R.E. (2014). Schaum's Outline of College Algebra (4th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education

Credit Hours - 3

Problem Solving and Programming are essential skills for IT students and IT professionals. Learning how to solve a problem using a structured programming language provides a strong foundation for a successful career. Designing of solutions to problems using procedural techniques and deciding on an appropriate repetition and/or selection structures for given problems will be covered. Topics Include: The importance of algorithms in the problem-solving process; Properties of good algorithms, Algorithms for solving simple problems; the use of a programming language to implement, test, and debug algorithms for solving simple problems, data definition, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers and strings.

Reading List:

• Dean, J., & Dean, R. (2012). Introduction to Programming with Java: A Problem Solving Approach (4th Edition). Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill.   
• Felleisen, M., Findler, R. B., Flatt, M., & Krishnamurthi, S. (2011). How to Design Programs: An Introduction to Programming and Computing, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 
• Liang, D. Y. (2014). Intro to Java Programming, Comprehensive Version (10th Edition).Pearson. 
• Robertson, L. A. (2010). Simple Program Design, A Step-by-Step Approach, (5th Edition). Cambridge, MA: Course Technology.   
• Savitch, W. (2013). Java: An Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming (6th Edition). Harlow: Addison Wesley.

Credit Hours - 3

This course provides a broad survey introducing the key areas the computer science discipline and information technology discipline. It introduces computers and how they work, their classification and historical development. Topics covered will include Application of computers; Data representation in Computers; Peripherals; Files; Systems Engineering; Databases; Computer architecture; Assembly language; Data Communications and networking; Systems software; Programming concepts in very accessible language Python; Algorithms and data structures; The internet and Web Technology. Programming assignments are inspired by real-world domains of cryptography, forensics, gaming and finance.

Reading List

• Heathcote, P., & Bond, K. (2013). A Level Computing. London: BPP (Letts Educational).
• Brookshear, J. G. (2011). Computer Science: An Overview (11th Edition). Boston: Addison Wesley.       
• Geoffrey, S. (2008). Introduction to Computer Information System (2nd Edition.). Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing.
• Kamaljeet, S. (2013). Fundamentals of Computing (2nd Edition). Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing.     
• Miller, M. (2011). Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Computer Basics (4th Edition). New York: Que Publishing.               

Credit Hours - 2

The course provides students with an understanding of the principles of historical geology and how these principles are applied in unravelling Earth’s history. It begins with discussions on concepts and principles, followed by a chronological discussion of Earth and life history. It then discusses the lessons learned from the geologic past to understand and place in context some of the global issues facing the world today, such as depletion of natural resources, global climate warming, and decreasing biodiversity. 

Reading List

• Gore, P.W. (2014). Historical Geology Lab Manual (1st Edition). Wiley.   
• Monroe, J.S., & Wicander, R. (2015). Historical Geology (8th Edition). Brooks Cole.   
• Poort, J.M., & Carlson, R.J. (2004). Historical Geology: Interpretations and Applications (6th Edition). Pearson.     
• Ritter, S., & Petersen, M. (2006). Interpreting Earth History: A Manual of Historical Geology (8th Edition). Waveland Press, Inc.   
• Stanley, S.M., & Luczaj, J.A. (2014). Earth System History (4th Edition). W.H. Freeman.   

Credit Hours - 1

This course allows students to visit appropriate facilities or selected areas of interest and is designed to reinforce geological concepts learnt in class. This presents a useful and interesting way to learn about the environment and geological processes. Study trips may include visits to large and small industrial firms throughout the entire country, or tunnel projects that are underway, as well as natural areas that require special measures with regards to the environment.

Reading List

• Busch, R. M., & Tasa, D.G. (2014). Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology (10th Edition). Pearson. 
• Jordan, T.H., & Grotzinger, J. (2014). Understanding Earth (7th Edition). W.H. Freeman. 
• Monroe, J.S., Wicamber, R., & Hazlet, R. (2006). Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth (6th Edition). Brooks Cole.   
• Plummer, C.C., Carlson, D., & Hammersley, L. (2015). Physical Geology (15th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education.   
• Tasa, D.G., Lutgens, F.K., & Tarbuck, E.J. (2016). Earth: An introduction to Physical Geology (12th Edition). Pearson.     

Credit Hours - 3

This course introduces students to the science of the earth and the processes, both internal and external, that act upon it. The course covers the following topics: minerals; volcanism and extrusive rocks; intrusive activities and origin of igneous rocks; weathering and soil; sediments and sedimentary rocks; metamorphism, metamorphic rocks and hydrothermal rocks; the rock cycle; mass wasting; streams and landscape; groundwater; glaciers and glaciation; deserts and wind action; shorelines and coastal processes; crustal deformation and folds; faults; earthquakes; plate tectonics; mountain building. 

Reading List

• Busch R.M., & Tasa, D.G. (2014). Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology (10th Edition0. Pearson.
• Jordan, T.H., & Grotzinger, J. (2014). Understanding Earth (7th Edition). W.H. Freeman. 
• Monroe, J.S., Wicamber, R., & Hazlet, R. (2006). Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth, 6th Edition. Brooks Cole.
• Plummer, C.C., Carlson, D., & Hammersley, L. (2015). Physical Geology (15th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education. 
• Tasa, D.G., Lutgens, F.K., & Tarbuck, E.J. (2016). Earth: An introduction to Physical Geology (12th Edition). Pearson. 

Credit Hours - 3

This course is a calculus-based general physics course that introduces students to basic principles in electricity and magnetism. Topics covered in the course include the following: Electric charge and electric field; Gauss’ law; electrical potential; capacitance and dielectrics; electric current, resistance and direct-current circuits; magnetic field and magnetic forces; sources of magnetic fields; magnetic materials; electromagnetic induction; displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; inductance; alternating current.

Reading List

• Giancoli, D. C. (2016). Physics: Principles with applications (7th Edition). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
• Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2014). Fundamentals of physics (extended edition, 10th Edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Knight, R. D. (2018). Physics for scientists and engineers: A strategic approach with modern physics (4th Edition). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
• Tipler, P. & Mosca, G. (2014). Physics for sscientists and engineers. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
• Young, H. D. & Freedman, R. A. (2015). University physics (with modern physics) (14th Edition). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.

Credit Hours - 3

This course is a calculus-based general physics course that introduces students to basic principles in mechanics and thermal physics. Topics covered in the course include the following: vectors and vector algebra; linear momentum; motion; Newton's laws; force; circular motion; work and energy; rotational motion; gravitation; thermodynamic systems; thermal equilibrium; work and heat; First law of thermodynamics; entropy; gas laws;

Kinetic theory of gases.

Reading List

• Giancoli, D. C. (2016). Physics: Principles with applications (7th Edition). Essex, England:  Pearson Education Limited.
• Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2014). Fundamentals of physics (10th Edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Knight, R. D. (2018). Physics for scientists and engineers: A strategic approach with modern physics (4th Edition). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
• Tipler, P., & Mosca, G. (2014). Physics for sscientists and engineers. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
• Young, H. D., & Freedman, R. A. (2015). University physics (with modern physics) (14th Edition). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited

Credit Hours - 1

This is the second in a sequence of laboratory courses. PHYS 106 builds on the techniques developed in PHYS 105 and further laboratory experiments are conducted to reinforce data collection and data analysis techniques developed in PHYS 105. Experiments in electricity and magnetism, in optics, electronics, vibrations, oscillations, and waves may be included.

Reading List

• Baird, D. C. (1995). Experimentation: An introduction to measurement theory and  experiment design (3rd Edition). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Bennington, P. R., & Robinson, D. K. (2003). Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
• Morris, A.S. (2001). Measurement and instrumentation principles. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Squires, G. L. (2001). Practical physics (4th Edition.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 
• Taylor, J. R. (1982). An introduction to error analysis. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. 

Credit Hours - 1

In this first of a series of practical physics courses, laboratory experiments are conducted to expose students to handling various measuring instruments and to data and error analysis. The course begins with an introduction to physical measurement techniques, data presentation, and error analysis. This is followed by several experiments in mechanics and thermal physics. Additional experiments in other topical areas may be included.

Reading List

• Baird, D. C. (1995). Experimentation: An introduction to measurement theory and experiment design (3rd Edition). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Bennington, P. R., & Robinson, D. K. (2003). Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
• Morris, A.S. (2001). Measurement and instrumentation principles. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Squires, G. L. (2001). Practical physics (4th Edition.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 
• Taylor, J. R. (1982). An introduction to error analysis. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books.

Credit Hours - 1

This laboratory-based course seeks to equip students with further skills in experimental techniques. Qualitative inorganic analysis such as; determination of aluminium, barium, bismuth, calcium, copper, iron, nickel and silver, as well as the identification of halides, phosphates, sulphates and nitrates; simple organic synthetic preparations such as the synthesis of the analgesic aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride with exercises in purification and re-crystallization are some of the practical concepts and applications that will be explored.

Reading List

• Fabirkiewicz, A. M., & Stowell, J. C, (2015). Intermediate Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition). 
• Wiley. 
• Leonard, J., Lygo, B., & Procter, G., (2013). Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry (3rd 
• Edition). CRC press.
• Mendlam, J., Denny, R. C., Barnes, J.  D., & Thomas, M. J. K., (2000). Vogel’s Quantitative 
• Chemical Analysis (6th Edition). Prentice Hall. 
• Suehla, G., (1996). Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (7th Edition). Prentice Hall. 
• Vogel, A. I., Tatchell, A. R., Furnis, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., & Smith, P. W. G., (1996).
• Vogel Textbook of organic Chemistry (5th Edition). Pearson.

Credit Hours - 3

This course provides a foundation for knowledge in organic chemistry to students. Concepts to be discussed will include structural determination of organic molecules involving the use of major purification techniques, qualitative and quantitative analysis and the use of spectroscopic techniques in structure elucidation. Students will be introduced to the concept of functional groups with a focus on alkanes and cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes including for sources, formation, uses and reactions where necessary.  Stereochemistry of these hydrocarbons as well as other fundamental organic concepts will be introduced to give a good foundation for subsequent courses in organic chemistry at higher levels.

Reading List

• Hill, J. W., & Petrucci, R. H., (2002). General Chemistry: An integrated Approach. Prentice-
• Hall Inc., New Jersey.
• Jones, M. Jr., (1997). Organic Chemistry (1st Edition). W.W. Norton & Com. Inc. 
• McMurry, J., (2011). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (International edition, 7th Edition). 
• Brooks & Cole, Cengage Learning. 
• Patrick, G. L., (2004). Organic Chemistry, Instant Notes (2nd Edition). Bios Scientific Pub. 
• Zanger, M., & Mckee, J., (1997). Essentials of Organic Chemistry (1st Edition). Wm. C. 
• Brown Pub.
• Zumdahl, S. S., & Zumdahl, S. A., (2014). Chemistry (9th Edition). Houghton Mifflin 
• Company, Boston, New York. 
• Hart, D. J., Hadad, M. C., Craine, E. L., & Hart, H., (2012). Organic Chemistry, A Brief 
• Course (International edition, 13th Edition). Brooks & Cole, Cengage Learning. 

Credit Hours - 1

This practical course exposes the students to basic techniques in volumetric analysis including: preparation of standard solutions, acid/base titrations; redox titrations involving permanganate, and iodimetry.  Applications of volumetric analysis such determination of solubility product constants, purity of reagents, determination of water of hydration will be explored.  Throughout the course, attention is drawn to uncertainties in measurements, the use of significant figures, propagation of errors, precision, and accuracy in order to ensure the application of the knowledge gained in the theory.

Reading List

• Fifield, F. W., & Kealey, D., (1986). Principles and practices of analytical chemistry (2nd 
• edition).
• Harris, D. C., (2007). Quantitative Chemical Analysis (7th Edition). New York, NY: W.H. 
• Freeman and Co. 
• John, D., Alan, M. J., David, H., Rob, R., & Jonathan, W., (2010). Practical Skills in 
• Chemistry. 
• Jürg, P. S., (2005). Good Lab Practice (2nd edition).
• Mendham, J., Denney, R. C, Barnes, J. D., & Thomas, M. J. K., (2000). Vogel's Quantitative 
• Chemical Analysis (6th Edition). Prentice Hall.
• Vogel, A. I., & Jeffery, G. H., (1989). Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 

Credit Hours - 3

This course is designed to provide students with the fundamental concepts in general chemistry. Topics to be considered will include: measurements and presentation of data, uncertainty in measurements, significant figures; Normal distribution of data, Precision, Accuracy and Propagation of errors in calculations. Acid- base concepts such as Bronsted-Lowry’s concept (≥ 10-6M); strength of acids and bases; levelling effect of water; pX scale; Hydrolysis of salts (cations and anions) are dealt with. The course concludes with and introduction to redox reactions and its applications; Solubility of sparingly soluble salts and their important terms including ionic product constants; Ksp; common-ion effect and selective precipitation.

Reading List

• Atkins, J. W., (1989). General Chemistry. Scientific American Books, New York.
• Bodner, G. M., & Pardue, H. L., (1995). Chemistry: An Experimental Science. John Wiley 
• and Sons, Inc., New York.
• Hill, J. W., & Petrucci, R. H., (2002). General Chemistry: An integrated Approach. Prentice-
• Hall Inc., New Jersey.
• Kotz, J., & Treichel P., (1999). Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity. Saunders College 
• Publishing, New York.
• Olmsted, J., & Williams, G., (2002). Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
• Skoog, D., West, D., & Holler, F. J., (1994). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. Saunders
• College Publishing, New York. 
• Zumdahl, S. S., & Zumdahl, A. S., (2014). Chemistry (9th Edition). Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, New York.