Credit Hours - 1

This is the first course in practical physics based on the principles of mechanics and thermal physics. Students will be introduced to practical concepts that relate to linear momentum, motion, force, circular and rotational motion, and gravitation under mechanics. In thermal physics, students will conduct experiments on heat, the laws of thermodynamics, and other related topics. 

Credit Hours - 1

This is the second course in practical physics and follows PHYS105 which is based on the principles of electricity and magnetism. Students will be introduced to practical concepts that relate to electrostatics, current electricity, optics, and magnetism. Students will also be introduced to the Microsoft Excel application and how to employ it in data analysis.

Credit Hours - 3

Mechanics

Properties of Vectors: Geometrical representation, multiplication (dot product and cross product), the three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system, Components of a vector, Direction Cosines, Linear Independence, Magnitude of a vector, Geometrical methods of vector addition, The sine rule and the cosine rule, Vectors in two dimensions. Linear Momentum: Conservation Law, Direct and indirect collisions, The co-efficient of restitution Motion: Newton's laws, equations of motion, Motion in one dimension, Parametric equations of motion, Motion in two dimensions, Projectile motion, Relative velocity.

Force: Addition of Forces, Equilibrium, Impulse, Tension and the motion of connected masses, Friction Circular motion: Uniform circular motion, Motion in a vertical circle, the conical pendulum. Work and Energy: Work done by a constant force, Work done by a varying force, Work and kinetic energy, Work and potential energy, Conservation of energy, Conservative and non-conservative forces – definition and examples: Rotational motion: Centre of mass, Moment of inertia, Angular momentum, Rotational kinetic energy, Torque Gravitation: Kepler's laws, The law of Universal gravitation, Gravitational potential energy, Escape velocity.

Thermal Physics

Microscopic and Macroscopic Definitions: Thermodynamic systems, Simple systems, Closed systems, Open systems, Isolated systems, Thermodynamic properties, States Processes, Paths, Intensive and extensive quantities. Thermal Equilibrium: Temperature, Adiabatic walls, Diathermal walls, Thermometers and thermometric properties, Comparisons of thermometers, Thermometric scales and conversions, Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

Work and Heat: Thermodynamic equilibrium – conditions, Chemical equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, thermal equilibrium, Effects of conditions not satisfied, Change of state, Quasi-static processes, Work done, Work depends on path, Isothermal processes, Isobaric processes, Isochoric (isovolumetric) processes, Adiabatic processes, Concept of heat, Internal energy, Heat capacity, Specific heat, Heat flow (Conduction, Radiation, and Convection)

First law of thermodynamics: Cyclic processes, Non-cyclic processes, Nature of stored energy, First law and its implications under (i) Isothermal processes (ii) Isobaric processes (iii) Isochoric processes

Application: Introduction to entropy

Gas Laws: Properties of an ideal gas, Charles Law, Boyle's Law, Gay Lussac Law, Kelvin temperature scale (absolute temperature)

Kinetic theory of Gases: Assumptions, Force exerted on the walls of the container, Pressure, Equation of state, Molecular velocities: (i) Mean velocity (ii) mean square velocity (iii) root mean square velocity, Equipartition of Energy.

Credit Hours - 3

Electricity

Electric Charge and Electric Field: Electric charge, Conductors, insulators and induced charges, Coulomb's law, Electric field and Electric forces, Charge distributions, Electric dipoles

Gauss’ Law: Charge and electric flux, Gauss’ Law, Application of Gauss’ Law

Electrical Potential: Electric potential energy and work, electric potential

Capacitance and Dielectrics: Capacitors (parallel plate capacitors, spherical, and cylindrical shaped capacitors) and dielectrics, Capacitors in series and parallel, Charging and discharging a capacitor, time constant, Energy storage in capacitors

Electric Current, Resistance and Direct-current circuits: Electric current, Resistivity and Resistance, Electromotive force and electric circuits, Energy and power in Electric circuits, Resistors in series and Parallel, Kirchoff’s Rules, Electrical measuring instruments

Magnetism

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces: Magnetic field, Magnetic field lines and Magnetic flux, Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field, Electric and magnetic fields acting together – application to velocity selectors, Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor, Force and Torque on a current loop (a magnetic dipole moment)

Sources of Magnetic fields: Magnetic field of a moving charge, Magnetic field of a current element, Magnetic field of a straight current-carrying conductor, Force between parallel conductors, Magnetic field of a circular current loop, Ampere's law and its applications, Magnetic materials

Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday and Lenz's laws, Motional electromotive force, Induced electric fields, Eddy currents, Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations

Inductance: Mutual inductance, Self-induced inductance, Inductors and magnetic-field energy, R-L and L-C circuits, L-R-C series circuits

Alternating current: Phasors and alternating current, Resistance and reactance, L-R-C series circuit, Band-Pass filters, Power in alternating-current circuits, Power factor, Resonance in alternating-current circuits, Transformer