This course provides the knowledge required to understand the structure and operation of the operating systems and its design as a software interface to a computer’s hardware and architecture.The topics covered include the evolution of the operating system, characteristics, and structure. Operating systems and programming. Design principles: layered OS structure, monolithic, and microkernel OS model, kernel, and user modes. System calls and interrupts. Processes and threads. Scheduling and dispatch. Deadlock and starvation. Concurrency and synchronization. Memory management and algorithms: paging, virtual memory. I/O management and disk scheduling. Files systems and management: files, directories, and file system implementation. Security and protection.