MLAB 205 : INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY II

Hormones - General mechanisms of hormone action, Regulation of hormone level, Actions of specific hormones, Clinical correlations. Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycles - Schema of glycolysis -biomedical importance., Hormonal control of glycolysis, Irreversible reactions in glycolysis, Hormonal regulation of blood glucose, Citric acid cycle (schema of Krebs cycle). Metabolism of glycogen, Cori cycle - Glycogen: synthesis, branching enzymes. Glycogenolysis, debranching enzymes. Glycogen in the liver and muscle cells. Cori cycle. Pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) - Schema of PPP – relation between PPP and glycolysis, PPP in protection of erythrocytes. Metabolism of fructose and galactose. Conservation of chemical energy - Physical-chemical principles of cellular energy transformations. The ratio of ATP/ADP as a principal mean of energy storage. Organisation of metabolism. Metabolism of amino acids - Decarboxylation and deamination reactions, metabolism of amino acid (AA), skeleton (coordination with Krebs cycle), Some products of AA metabolism. Congenital AA disease - basic knowledge, Schema of urea cycle and relation to Krebs cycle. Oxidation of fatty acids, ketogenesis - Synthesis of fatty acid (FA) (condensation, reduction, elongation). Beta-oxidation schema. Production of FA, relation to ATP production and Krebs cycle, ketogenesis. Metabolism of cholesterol Metabolism of nucleic acids - Schema of urine and pyrimidine metabolism.