BCMB 212: VETERINARY BIOCHEMISTRY III
Glycosylation of proteins. Fibrous structural proteins. Structure and biosynthesis of collagen and elastin, intra-cellular and extra-cellular modification of proteins after translation. The collagen gene; disturbances in collagen synthesis. Diversity of protein function related to their structure. The relationship between structure and function as exemplified by haemoglobin, myoglobin and collagen. Plasma proteins. Detail of immunoglobin structure. Classes of immnuglobin and their functions. Protein in normal disease situations. Defects in protein structure as basis of disease e. g. sickle cell anaemia. Lipid and protein components: Glycoprotein and the cell surface. Erythrocyte membrane as a model system. Blood cells: Haemopoiesi, sites of production, growth inducers, differenciation inducers. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) functions, morphology and and membrane function formation and destruction, haemoglobin. White blood cells (leucocytes) types and morphology, functions, platelet functions. Blood clotting: haemostasis blood coagulation, definitions and components, mechanism of blood coagulation, anti-clotting mechanisms, fibrinolysis and haemostasis. Energetics: Chemical energy and concepts of energy transfer within cells; “high energy” compounds as “high energy currency”. Principles of energy abstraction. Energy source and utilization. Free energy and biochemical reactions (spontaneity, anabolic and catabolic reactions); metabolic reactions and ATP; energy of hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and phosphorylation products; ATP production (substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation, C3, C4); coupling reactions; uncoupling agents. Specific enzymes associated with inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, matrix and intermembrane space.Revrese electron transport, the concept of “high energy pool”. Michell’s chemiosmotic theory. Mitochondrial transport and inhibitors of mitochondrial function. Interplay of tissues, pathways and hormones in energy metabolism: Key regulatory enzymes: allosteric control of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphofructokinase, fructose 1,6-phosphate, pyruvate dehydrogenase. Effect of ATP, AMP, NADH, citrate, relevance of energy status to control. “Futile” cycles and function in thermogenesis and control sensitivity. Covalent modification: beta-adrenergic receptor and cascade processes.